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3rd Year - MSK Lower Limb Anatomy > 1.1.1. Arterial Supply of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

1.1.1. Arterial Supply of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main Artery of the Lower Limb?

A

The Femoral Artery

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2
Q

What is the Femoral Artery a continuation of?

A

The External Iliac Artery

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3
Q

When does the External Iliac Artery become the Femoral Artery?

A

When it crosses under the Inguinal Ligament, into the Femoral Triangle

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4
Q

In the Femoral Triangle, which Artery arises from the Posterolateral aspect of the Femoral Artery?

A

The Profunda Femoris Artery

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5
Q

Where does the Profunda Femoris Artery travel?

A

Posteriorly and Distally

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6
Q

What 3 branches come off of the Profunda Femoris Artery?

A
  1. Perforating Branches
  2. Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery
  3. Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery
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7
Q

How many Perforating Branches of the Profunda Femoris Artery are there?

A

3 or 4

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8
Q

What do the Perforating Branches of the Profunda Femoris Artery perforate?

A

The Adductor Magnus

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9
Q

After perforating the Adductor Magnus, what do the Perforating Branches of the Profunda Femoris Artery contribute to supplying?

A
  1. The Muscles of the Medial Thigh

2. The Muscles of the Posterior Thigh

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10
Q

Where does the Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery travel?

A

It Wraps around the Anterior, Lateral Side of the Femur

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11
Q

What does the Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery supply?

A

Some of the Muscles on the Lateral aspect of the Thigh

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12
Q

Where does the Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery travel?

A

It Wraps around the Posterior Side of the Femur

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13
Q

What does the Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery supply?

A

The Head and Neck of the Femur

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14
Q

What is the Clinical Significance of the Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery?

A

In a Femoral Neck Fracture, this Artery can be easily damaged, and Avascular Necrosis can occur

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15
Q

What happens to the Femoral Artery after the Profunda Femoris Artery breaks off from it?

A

It continues and leaves the Femoral Triangle

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16
Q

Where does the Femoral Artery travel, after it has left the Femoral Triangle?

A

Down the Anterior Surface of the Thigh

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17
Q

What is the name of the Tunnel which the Femoral Artery travels via, down the Anterior Surface of the Thigh?

A

Adductor Canal

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18
Q

What does the Femoral Artery supply as it travels down the Anterior Thigh?

A

The Anterior Muscles of the Thigh

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19
Q

Where does the Adductor Canal end?

A

At the Adductor Hiatus

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20
Q

What is the Adductor Hiatus?

A

An opening in the Adductor Magnus

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21
Q

What happens to the Femoral Artery as it reaches the Adductor Hiatus?

A

It moves through this opening

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22
Q

What happens to the Femoral Artery after it leaves the Adductor Hiatus?

A

It enters into the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh, Proximal to the Knee Joint

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23
Q

What is the Femoral Artery known as, from when it leaves the Adductor Hiatus?

A

The Popliteal Artery

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24
Q

What is the Clinical Significance of the Femoral Artery being Superficial?

A

It is a site of easy access and can be used for a variety of procedures, e.g. Coronary Angiography

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25
Q

Other than the Femoral Artery, which Arteries supply the Thigh?

A
  1. Obturator Artery
  2. Superior Gluteal Artery
  3. Inferior Gluteal Artery
26
Q

Where does the Obturator Artery arise from?

A

The Internal Iliac Artery

27
Q

In which Region does the Obturator Artery arise?

A

The Pelvic Region

28
Q

Where does the Obturator Artery travel?

A

Via the Obturator Canal, to the Medial Thigh

29
Q

As the Obturator Artery enters into the Medial Thigh, what happens to it?

A

It bifurcates into 2 Branches of the Artery

30
Q

What are the 2 Branches the Obturator Artery bifurcates into?

A
  1. Anterior Branch of the Obturator Artery

2. Posterior Branch of the Obturator Artery

31
Q

What does the Anterior Branch of the Obturator Artery supply?

A
  1. Pectineus
  2. Obturator Externus
  3. Adductor Muscles
  4. Gracilis
32
Q

What does the Posterior Branch of the Obturator Artery supply?

A

Some of the Deep Gluteal Muscles

33
Q

Which Arteries supply the Gluteal Region?

A
  1. Superior Gluteal Artery

2. Inferior Gluteal Artery

34
Q

Where do the Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries arise?

A

The Internal Iliac Artery

35
Q

Where do the Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries enter into the Gluteal Region?

A

Via the Greater Sciatic Foramen

36
Q

Where does the Superior Gluteal Artery leave the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

A

Above the Piriformis Muscle

37
Q

Where does the Inferior Gluteal Artery leave the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

A

Below the Piriformis Muscle

38
Q

In addition to the Gluteal Muscles, what does the Inferior Gluteal Artery contribute towards?

A

The Vasculature of the Posterior thigh

39
Q

Where does the Popliteal Artery travel?

A

It descends down the Posterior Thigh

40
Q

What branches does the Popliteal Artery give off in the Posterior Thigh?

A

Genicular Branches

41
Q

What do Glenicular Branches of the Popliteal Artery supply?

A

The Knee Joint

42
Q

Where does the Popliteal Artery travel after the Glenicular Branches are given off?

A

It moves through the Popliteal Fossa

43
Q

What does the Popliteal Artery exit the Popliteal Fossa through?

A

It is sandwiched between:

  1. Gastrocnemius Muscle
  2. Popliteal Muscle
44
Q

What happens to the Popliteal Artery at the lower border of the Popliteus?

A

The Popliteal Artery terminates

45
Q

What happens to the Popliteal Artery as it terminates?

A

It Bifurcates into:

  1. Anterior Tibial Artery
  2. Tibioperoneal Trunk
46
Q

What does the Tibioperoneal Trunk then divide into?

A
  1. Posterior Tibial Artery

2. Posterior Fibular Artery

47
Q

Where does the Posterior Tibial Artery travel?

A

Inferiorly along the surface of the Deep Muscles (e.g. Tibialis Posterior)

48
Q

What does the Posterior Tibial Artery accompany?

A

The Tibial Nerve

49
Q

Where does the Posterior Tibial Artery enter into the Foot?

A

It enters into the Sole of the Foot via the Tarsal Tunnel

50
Q

Where does the Posterior Fibular Artery travel?

A

Lateral from its point of origin

51
Q

What does the Posterior Fibular Artery penetrate?

A

The Lateral Compartment of the Leg

52
Q

What does the Posterior Fibular Artery supply?

A
  1. Muscles in the Lateral Compartment of the Leg

2. Adjacent Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Leg

53
Q

Where does the Anterior Tibial Artery travel?

A
  1. Anteriorly, between the Tibia and Fibula, through a gap in the Interosseous Membrane
  2. It then moves Inferiorly down the Leg into the Foot
54
Q

What does the Anterior Tibial Artery become as it enters into the Foot?

A

The Dorsalis Pedis Artery

55
Q

What are the 2 Arteries which supply the Foot?

A
  1. Dorsalis Pedis Artery

2. Posterior Tibial Artery

56
Q

Where does the Dorsalis Pedis Artery travel in the Foot?

A
  1. It passes over the Dorsal aspect of the Tarsal Bones

2. It then moves Inferiorly towards the Sole of the Foot

57
Q

What happens to the Dorsalis Pedis Artery as it reaches the Sole of the Foot?

A

It anastomoses with the Lateral Plantar Artery

58
Q

What is formed as the Dorsalis Pedis Artery anastomoses with the Lateral Plantar Artery?

A

It forms the Deep Plantar Arch

59
Q

What does the Dorsalis Pedis Artery supply?

A
  1. The Tarsal Bones
  2. The Dorsal Aspect of the Metatarsals
  3. The Toes (via the Deep Plantar Arch)
60
Q

What happens to the Posterior Tibial Artery as it enters into the Foot (Via the Tarsal Tunnel)?

A

It Splits into:

  1. The Lateral Plantar Artery
  2. The Medial Plantar Artery
61
Q

What do the Lateral and Medial Plantar Arteries supply?

A

The Toes, Via the Deep Plantar Arch

3rd Year - MSK Lower Limb Anatomy (20 decks)

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