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Science 7th > 11.1 and 11.2 > Flashcards

11.1 and 11.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Three or more forms of a gene code for what?

A

A single trait

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1
Q

How many alleles does a single gene have

A

2 or multiple

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2
Q

A person can only carry two because

A

Chromosomes exist in pairs

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3
Q

Blood types are both _ and they dont_

A

Dominant

Hide each other

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4
Q

What blood type would you get if inherit both A and B

A

AB

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5
Q

What are traits controlled by?

A

Genes

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6
Q

Some human traits show a large number of phenotype a bc

A

They are controlled by many genes

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7
Q

_ chromosomes are one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in each body cell

A

Sex

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8
Q

Sex chromosomes determine _

A

Determines a persons gender and other traits

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9
Q

XX

A

Girl

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10
Q

XY

A

Boy

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11
Q

All egges carry one

A

X chromosome

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12
Q

_ of makes sperm cells carry and X chromosome and _ carry a Y chromosome

A

Half

Half

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13
Q

Where are sex linked genes found

A

On the X and Y chromosomes and their alleles are passed on these chromosomes

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14
Q

And X chromosome is

A

Larger than the Y chromosome and carry more genes

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15
Q

What is a carrier

A

A person who has one recessive allele or a trait and one dominant allele

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16
Q

A trait controlled by a recessive allele

A

Does not express the trait but can pass the trait but can pass the trait onto their offspring

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17
Q

Only _ can be carriers of sex linked traits

A

Females

18
Q

Why can only females be carriers on sex linked traits?

A

Because they are the only one who can carry two alleles for a trait

19
Q

What is an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes

A

Genetic disorder

20
Q

What are genetic disorders caused by?

A

Mutations in the genes or changes in overall structure or number of chromosomes

21
Q

When genetic disorder is when your body produces abnormally thick mucus and lungs and intestines

A

Cystic fibrosis

22
Q

What happens in Cystic Fibrosis

A

It makes it hard for the person to breathe

23
Q

How do you inherit cystic fibrosis

A

You inherit two Mutated alleles, one from each parent

24
Q

What is sickle cell disease caused by

A

It is caused by mutations that affects hemoglobins which carry oxygen

25
Q

What do red blood cells that have sickle shaped like?

A

Like crescent

26
Q

Red blood cells that have sickle

A

Cannot carry as much oxygen and clog blood vessels

27
Q

Sickle cell disease is

A

Codominant with a normal allele

28
Q

S

A

Sickle cell

29
Q

A

A

Normal

30
Q

SA

A

Person has disease but has enough normal cells to get oxygen to body

31
Q

SS

A

Person had disease

32
Q

What is hemophilia?

A

Body does not produce enough of one of the proteins needed for normal blood clotting

33
Q

What danger does hemophilia have

A

Internal bleeding from small bumps and bruises

34
Q

What is hemophilia caused

A

by caused by recessive allele on X-chromosome

35
Q

What does Hemophilia occur more in

A

Males because they only have to inherit one chromosome

36
Q

What happens to cells in Down syndrome?

A

Every cell has a extra copy of chromosomes 21 ( 2 instead of 3)

37
Q

What occurs in Down syndrome

A

Chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis

38
Q

What happens to your body in Down syndrome

A

You have heart defects and a degree of mental retardation

39
Q

What do doctors use to diagnose genetic disorders

A

Pedigrees, karyotypes and genetic testing to trace and diagnose genetic disorders

40
Q

What are pedigrees

A

A chart Or family tree that tracks which family members have a particular trait

41
Q

What is a Karyotyoe

A

a picture of all the chromosomes in a persons cell

Arranged in pairs and reveals if a person has a correct number of Chromosomes

42
Q

Does genetic counseling help do

A

It helps couples understand their chances of having a child with a particular genetic disorder

43
Q

How do people deal with their genetic disorders

A

Medical treatment such as physical therapy

Science 7th (6 decks)

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