1100-31: Structure of Outremer Flashcards
What was the high court of Jerusalem? Who was in it? What did they do?
Haute Cour
nobles & bishops
- confirm election of Kings & regents
- collect taxes, mint coins and allocate money
- raise armies
What was the Haute Cour? What was their judiciary role? When were most of Jerusalem’s laws first established?
high court of Jerusalem
act as court for nobles and serious crimes
Council of Nablus (Jan 1120)
How was the Kingdom of Jerusalem divided?
into 4 great fiefs:
- Prince of Galilee
- Lord of Sidon
- Count of Jaffa
- Lord of Montreal
Where did the royal family of Jerusalem live?
Temple Mount (Jer),
near Tower of David (Jer) (post-1119),
palace in Acre
Why was the population of Jerusalem so small? Who lived in Jerusalem? Why?
Muslims banned
nobility
wanted to be closer to King, more influence
Where was Jerusalem’s court held? Why?
Jerusalem, Acre, Nablus & Tyre
relatively small population in Jerusalem
What roles existed in Jerusalem’s central administration?
- Seneschal
- Constable + Marshal
- Chancellor + Chamberlain
What did the Seneschals do?
- master of ceremonies
- dispense justice
- administrate royal finances
What did the Constables do?
What did the Marshalls do?
- supreme military function & policed royal army
- preside over court in King’s absence
- care of arms & equipment
- 2nd to Constables
What did Chancellors do?
What did Chamberlains do?
- write deeds & charters
- diplomatic service
- organised expenditure
- control treasury
What were the 4 main towns within Jerusalem’s royal domain? Why were they important?
Jerusalem - profitable from tax
Nablus - central location + marketplace
Acre - powerful port + taxes
Tyre - industrial centre, 2nd city
What tax of goods sold in the city of Jerusalem was very profitable to its kings?
plateaticum
What major taxes for kings of Jerusalem came from harbour dues at Acre?
ports - chaine
markets - fonde
What were the main ways the Kingdom of Jerusalem generated revenue?
- taxes of domain
- caravan tolls (Egypt -> Baghdad)
- dues paid by nomadic Bedouin shepherds
- pillaging of locals
What title was given to the heads of Muslim villages that ran their own communities?
ra’is
What was established to deal with issues between Franks and non-Franks?
Cour de la Fonde
What was paid by all non-Frankish people in Outremer? How much was it?
Poll tax
1 dinar, 5 qirat + tax on produce
What name is given to the districts in towns that were under the control of Italian city-states? What were they often exempt from?
quarters
taxation
What role was never really fulfilled by Franks due to the position of native peoples in the rural economy?
peasantry
Where were permanent Muslim populations relatively uncommon?
towns & cities
What did Muslims not have to pay unlike the Franks?
tithe
Which Patriarchs attempted to establish a religious state in Jerusalem, instead of a secular Kingdom?
- Daimbert (aka Dagobert) 1099-1102
- Stephen 1128-30
Which Patriarch of Jerusalem was reprimanded by the Pope? Why? When? Which Pope?
Arnulf
alleged relations with Muslim woman, simony, and marrying Baldwin I to Adelaide (bigamous marriage)
1114
Paschal II
Which Patriarch of Jerusalem tried to take control of the city? When? Who did he attempt to give it to?
Daimbert
1100
Bohemond
