110 Misc Flashcards
Lewis Acid/Lewis Base
Lewis Acids accept an e- pair
Lewis Bases donate an e- pair
(Acids accept, BiDiPi)
What are van der Waals forces?
London dispersion forces?
Dipole-dipole
H-bonds?
Name for intermolecular forces.
Temporary dipoles created by random movement of electrons in molecule.
Attraction between two dipoles in polar molecules.
N-H, O-H, F-H pairings. Special case of dipole-dipole
What’s the difference between n-type and p-type doping?
N-type is when you dope Si with elements that have extra valence electrons. Causes the semiconductor to be more conductive, as the extra electron can act as a charge carrier.
P-type is when you dope Si with elements that have fewer valence electrons. Makes the semiconductor less conductive.
Examples of N-type: P, As
Examples of P-type: Al, B
What are high-spin and low-spin complexes?
High-spin complexes contain the maximum number of unpaired electrons.
Low-spin contain the minimum number of unpaired electrons.
What are the energy levels of an octahedral complex?
Tetrahedral?
Square planar?
Octahedral has three on bottom and two on top.
Tetrahedral has two on bottom and three on top.
Square planar has three low energies, one medium, and one high.
(Energy levels are based on how ligands and the d-shells mesh with each other in the various shapes)
What causes a coordination compound ion to appear colourless?
Ions with
1) Noble gas electron configuration
2) Outer shell of 18 electrons
3) 18 + 2 electron configuration
What electron configuration would cause metals to form a square planar complex?
d8 (memorized)
The scattering of light waves upon passing through a narrow slit is called __________.
Diffraction
Create the color wheel.
Six segments, ROYGBV
What is gravity separation? Froth flotation?
Gravity separation is when heavy metals are placed on a sloped floor and water is used to wash the lighter elements away.
Froth flotation is when sulphide ores are mixed with oils and are whipped into a froth; the sulphide floats on top.
How are heavy metals separated? How are noble metals separated?
Heavy metals (like Zn, Cu, Fe) are separated using roasting and smelting methods.
Noble metals (like Au, Ag) are separated using electrolysis of their chlorides, oxides, or hydroxides.
What’s the difference between roasting and calcination?
Roasting happens in air, the aim being to oxidize volatile impurities such as S, As, and Sb.
Calcination happens in the absence of air, the aim being to remove hydrates and carbonates.
Both processes leave you with a metal oxide.
What is smelting?
The combination of roasting or calcination with a chemical reduction process.
Well-behaved metals like Hg won’t need reduction, but more active metals like Zn will need a strong reduction agent added, like CO or C.
Which d-shell electron configuration usually yields tetrahedral configurations? Square planar? Octahedral?
Tetrahedral: d0 or d10
Square planar: d8
Octahedral: Pretty much anything else.
What are allotropes?
Allotropes are when one element can exist in various different forms, such as diamond/graphite (both forms of C)
