1.10. Fast Carbon Transfers Flashcards

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1
Q

How is carbon transferred in weathering?

A
  • Rocks will slowly dissolve with carbon being held in the solution
  • Transported via water cycle to oceans and carbonated to build shells
  • Calcium carbonate used to create shells
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2
Q

Weathering

A
  • involves the break down or decay of rocks in their original place or close to the surface
  • when C02 is formed, it forms mildly acidic carbonic acid
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3
Q

How is carbon transferred in carbon sequestration?

A
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4
Q

Photosynthesis

A

the process whereby plants use light energy to produce carbohydrates in the form of glucose

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5
Q

How is carbon transferred in photosynthesis?

A
  • transfers atmospheric carbon into biomass
  • plants and plankton use energy from the sun to change CO2 and water into glucose and oxygen
  • carbon is then passed through the food chain and released through respiration and decomposition
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6
Q

How is carbon transferred in burial and compaction?

A
  • corals and shelled organisms take up CO2 from H2O and convert it to calcium carbonate, used to build shells
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7
Q

Respiration

A
  • a chemical process that happens in all cells and is common to plants and animals
  • glucose is converted into energy that can be used for growth and repair
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8
Q

How is carbon transferred in respiration?

A
  • transfers carbon from living organisms (biosphere) to atmosphere
  • plants and animals break down glucose for energy, releasing carbon dioxide and methane in the process
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9
Q

Burial and compaction

A
  • organic matter is buried by sediments and becomes compacted
  • over millions of years, these sediments containing carbon may form hydrocarbon
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10
Q

Carbon sequestration

A
  • transfer of carbon from the atmosphere to plants, soils, rock formations and oceans
  • natural and human process
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11
Q

Decomposition

A
  • when organisms die, they are consumed by decomposers such as bacteria, fungi and earthworms
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12
Q

How is carbon transferred in decomposition?

A
  • transfers carbon from dead biomass to atmosphere and soil
  • after death, bacteria and fungi break organisms down
  • co2 and methane are released
  • some carbon transferred to soil
  • carbon from bodies returned to atmosphere as co2
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13
Q

Combustion

A
  • when organic material is burned in the presence of oxygen, it is converted into energy
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14
Q

How is carbon transferred in combustion

A
  • co2 is released into atmosphere, returning carbon that might have been stored in rocks for millions of years
  • more carbon in oceans means levels rise
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15
Q

Ocean carbon pumps

A
  • when it is cold, carbon will sink
  • oceanic pump is a constant movement of water
  • when it gets back to surface, carbon is released
  • carbon sink- absorbing more carbon
  • movements of water- warm water to cold water
  • carbon sinks are carried to warmer latitudes where it is released
  • transferring water from hydrosphere to atmosphere then atmosphere to hydrosphere
  • deep vertical mixing: going round and being mixed
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16
Q

Biological pump

A
  • shells made from carbon in water