1.1 What Operating Systems Do Flashcards
A computer system can be divided roughly into four components: the hardware, the operating system, the application programs, and a _____.
user
The hardware of a computer system includes the central processing unit (CPU), the memory, and the _____.
input/output (I/O) devices
_____ define the ways in which hardware resources are used to solve users’ computing problems.
Application programs
The operating system controls the hardware and coordinates its use among various application programs for the various _____.
users
A computer system can also be viewed as consisting of hardware, software, and _____.
data
An operating system is similar to a _____ because it provides an environment within which other programs can do useful work.
government
The user’s view of the computer varies according to the _____.
interface being used
The operating system for a single user system is designed mostly for _____.
ease of use
Many mobile devices allow users to interact through a _____ interface.
voice recognition
_____ in home devices and automobiles may have numeric keypads and may turn indicator lights on or off to show status.
Embedded computers
Some computers have little or no user view and are designed primarily to run without user _____.
intervention
From the computer’s point of view, the operating system is the program most intimately involved with the _____.
hardware
The operating system acts as _____ of resources.
an allocator
The operating system manages resources such as _____, _____, and _____ among others.
- CPU time
- memory space
- storage space
An operating system is also referred to as a _____ program.
control
The control program manages the execution of user programs to prevent _____.
errors
Computers are present in devices such as _____, _____, and _____.
- toasters
- cars
- spacecraft
Computing started as an experiment and quickly moved to fixed-purpose systems for _____ and _____.
- military uses
- governmental uses
In the 1960s, Moore’s Law predicted that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit would double every _____.
18 months
The operating system aims to execute programs and make solving user problems _____.
easier
The operating system includes the _____, system programs, and application programs.
kernel
A simple viewpoint defines the operating system as everything a vendor ships when you order the _____.
operating system
In 1998, the United States Department of Justice filed suit against Microsoft for including too much functionality in its _____.
operating systems
Mobile operating systems often include a core kernel along with _____.
middleware
Two prominent mobile operating systems are Apple’s _____ and Google’s _____.
- iOS
- Android
The operating system includes the always running kernel, middleware frameworks, and _____ programs.
system
Only a small percentage of computer science practitioners will be involved in creating or modifying an _____.
operating system
Understanding the fundamentals of operating systems is crucial for proper, efficient, effective, and _____ programming.
secure
