[11] Vocabulary

Question 1

true-breeding

Answer 1

producing the same offspring (in Mendelian genetics, seen in plants producing offspring of the same variety when self-pollinating)

Question 2

hybridization

Answer 2

heterozygous

Question 3

P generation

Answer 3

true-breeding parents

Question 4

F1 generation

Answer 4

hybrid offspring of P generation

Question 5

F2 generation

Answer 5

F1 generation cross pollinate with other F1 hybrids

Question 6

homozygous

Answer 6

same alleles

Question 7

heterozygous

Answer 7

different alleles

Question 8

genotype

Answer 8

genetic makeup of a characteristic

Question 9

phenotype

Answer 9

physical appearance of a characteristic

Question 10

alleles

Answer 10

variations of genes

Question 11

Law of Segregation

Answer 11

two alleles for heritable characteristics segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

Question 12

testcross

Answer 12

genetic cross between homozygous recessive individual and corresponding suspected heterozygote to determine genotype

Question 13

monohybrids

Answer 13

heterozygous for one characteristic

Question 14

monohybrid cross

Answer 14

cross between monohybrids

Question 15

dihybrid cross

Answer 15

cross b/t F1 dihybrids (can determine whether 2 characteristics are transmitted to offspring as a package/independently)

Question 16

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 16

the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another

Question 17

multiplication rule

Answer 17

probability that two events occur together equals the product of individual probabilities (can be applied to F1 monohybrid cross)

Question 18

complete dominance

Answer 18

phenotypes of heterozygote and homozygote are indistinguishable

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

phenotypes of F1 hybrids is somewhere in b/t parents

Question 20

codominance

Answer 20

two dominant alleles affect phenotypes in distinguishable ways

Question 21

epistasis

Answer 21

gene at one locus alters phenotype of a gene at another locus

Question 22

polygenic inheritance

Answer 22

additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotype

Question 23

I^a

Answer 23

blood typing: antigen A is present

Question 24

I^b

Answer 24

blood typing: antigen B is present

Question 25

I

Answer 25

blood typing: antigen is not present (II = O blood type)

Question 26

pedigree

Answer 26

family tree that contains family history of particular traits

Question 27

square on pedigree

Answer 27

males

Question 28

circle on pedigree

Answer 28

females

Question 29

open or half-shaded symbols on pedigree

Answer 29

carriers

Question 30

carriers

Answer 30

heterozygous individuals who carry recessive allele but are phenotypically normal