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pharmacotherapy 4270 > 11. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections MT2 > Flashcards

11. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections MT2 Flashcards

1
Q

true or false: upper respiratory tract infections are the most common infections in community

A

true

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2
Q

this is an infection or inflammatory condition of one or more of the paranasal sinuses (maxillary, frontal, ethmoid or sphenoid).

A

acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS)

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3
Q

true or false: the sinuses are normally sterile

A

true

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4
Q

this is inflammation of the middle ear with rapid onset of signs and symptoms. there are two type: with effusion and with persistent effusion

A

acute otitis media (AOM)

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5
Q

this type of acute otitis media has presence of middle ear effusion without signs or symptoms of acute infection. the effusion should resolve in 1-3 months

A

otitis media with effusion

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6
Q

this type of acute otitis media has effusion that persists more than 3 months

A

otitis media with persistent effusion

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7
Q

this is a rapid onset of sore throat and pharyngeal inflammation (with or without exudate); the absence of cough, nasal congestion and discharge suggest bacterial aetiology

A

acute pharyngitis

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8
Q

true or false: most URTI are bacterial

A

false most are viral but sometimes it can be hard to tell

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9
Q

what bacteria cause URTI

A
  • s. pneumoniae and H. influenza are most common
  • m. catarrhalis
  • s. pyogenes
  • s. aureus
  • GNB
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10
Q

what viruses cause URTI

A
  • adenovirus
  • coronavirus
  • enterovirus
  • parainfluenzae
  • respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
  • rhinovirus
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11
Q

what are some ways to prevent getting an URTi

A
  • face masks
  • hand hygiene
  • smoking cessation
  • vaccination
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12
Q

match the description with: cold, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, influenza virus or bacterial sinusitis
- acute onset, faster than the common cold
- quantity varies
- initially clear than may become green after 3-5 days
- myalgia, arthralgia, more cough
- high fever

A

influenza

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13
Q

match the description with: cold, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, influenza virus or bacterial sinusitis
- slow progressive onset (12-48hrs)
- quantity varies
- initially clear then may become green after 3-5 days
- sneezing, cough, sore throat
- fever is mild to none

A

cold

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14
Q

match the description with: cold, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, influenza virus or bacterial sinusitis
- onset is relatively sudden, may be on and off
- quantity is copious
- clear and watery
- sneezing, itchiness, watery red eyes
- no fever

A

allergic rhinitis `

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15
Q

match the description with: cold, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, influenza virus or bacterial sinusitis
- onset is relatively sudden, may be on and off
- quantity is copious
- clear and watery
- sneezing, itchiness, dry red eyes
- no fever

A

vasomotor rhinitis

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16
Q

match the description with: cold, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, influenza virus or bacterial sinusitis
- onset is when symptoms go beyond 7 days
- quantity varies
- usually purulent, dark yellow, foul tasting
- face pain, sore teeth
- fever present

A

bacterial sinusitis

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17
Q

match the description with acute otitis media, acute otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis external and TMJ
- relatively sudden, may be on and off
- ear pain varies from nothing to really bad
- discharge, decreased hearing
- usually no fever

A

chronic suppurative otitis media

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18
Q

match the description with acute otitis media, acute otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis external and TMJ
- post acute otitis media
- painless unless on a plane
- fullness in ear
- ear popping when yawn, decreased hearing
- no fever

A

acute otitis media with effusion

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19
Q

match the description with acute otitis media, acute otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis external and TMJ
- 2-3 days often after a upper respiratory infection starts
- severe discomfort
- discharge if TM ruptures, decreased hearing
- mild to mod fever

A

acute otitis media

20
Q

match the description with acute otitis media, acute otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis external and TMJ
- ache to muscle spasm
- headache or popping noise when open mouth
- no headache

A

TMJ

21
Q

match the description with acute otitis media, acute otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media, otitis external and TMJ
- onset happens after excessive moisture
- pain varies from nothing to really bad
- discharge, decreased hearing
- usually no fever

A

otitis externa

22
Q

match the description with acute bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia and COPD
- happens very slowly after years of smoking, environmental or occupation hazard exposure
- primarily mucoid sputum
-no fever

A

COPD

23
Q

match the description with acute bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia and COPD
- happens gradually near the end of an upper respiratory infection
- request coughing
- mucoid sputum worse in the am and night
- may have symptoms of a viral URI
- low grade fever

A

acute bronchitis

24
Q

match the description with acute bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia and COPD
- onset is gradual, 7-10 days after onset of a viral URI or acute bronchitis
- frequent coughing
- purulent (dark yellow/brown blood tinged) sputum throughout the day
-chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, elderly may present with behaviour change, fatigue, malaise, SOB
-high grade fever

A

bacterial pneumonia

25
Q

match the description with TB, cancer, GERD, drugs, or pertussis
- onset is sudden and dramatic initially. may last for up to 8 weeks
- worse at night
- dry, hacking cough >90% have episodic coughing spasm
- >15% have trouble breathing after coughing spasm. 30-40% have episode of vomiting due to violent coughing spasm
- no fever or low grade

A

pertussis

26
Q

match the description with TB, cancer, GERD, drugs, or pertussis
- worse at night in some stages
- usually dry, hacking cough
- weight loss, night sweats, fatigue, malaise
- fever common in early stages

A

TB

27
Q

match the description with TB, cancer, GERD, drugs, or pertussis
- onset starts within 1 hour after lying down
- dry hacking
- frequent heartburn that’s worse at night
- no fever

A

GERD

28
Q

match the description with TB, cancer, GERD, drugs, or pertussis
- onset starts within days to years of being on med
- dry hacking, very mild not forceful.
- no fever

A

drugs

29
Q

match the description with TB, cancer, GERD, drugs, or pertussis
- dry hacking
- weight loss, night sweats, fatigues, malaise
- no fever

A

cancer

30
Q

match the description with upper airway cough syndrome, post-infectious cough syndrome, influenza/viral pneumonia, congestive heart failure, atypical pneumonia
- starts 2-4 hours after lying down
- excess fluid pooled in lower extremities redistributes to vascular system
- dry cough in early stages. productive as pulmonary edema progresses
- dyspnea
- no fever

A

congestive heart failure

31
Q

match the description with upper airway cough syndrome, post-infectious cough syndrome, influenza/viral pneumonia, congestive heart failure, atypical pneumonia
- develops over several days/weeks
- mild symptoms that may worsen with time
- cough is initially dry but can progress to productive
- fever, malaise, myalgia, arthralgia, sore throat, possible GI symptoms
- may have fever

A

atypical pneumonia

32
Q

match the description with upper airway cough syndrome, post-infectious cough syndrome, influenza/viral pneumonia, congestive heart failure, atypical pneumonia
- during or after viral URI or allergic rhinitis
- thought to be caused by post-nasal drip occurs frequently during the first hour after lying down to sleep
- cough is usually dry. potentially some productivity in the A.M.
- history or symptoms of allergic rhinitis and/or viral URI
- none or low grade fever

A

upper airway cough syndrome

33
Q

match the description with upper airway cough syndrome, post-infectious cough syndrome, influenza/viral pneumonia, congestive heart failure, atypical pneumonia
- sudden onset
- cough is initially dry, can change to mildly productive
- malaise, myalgia, arthalgia, sore throat, runny nose
- high fever

A

influenza/viral pneumonia

34
Q

match the description with upper airway cough syndrome, post-infectious cough syndrome, influenza/viral pneumonia, congestive heart failure, atypical pneumonia
- after a viral respiratory infection
- lasts 2-8 weeks post infection
- cough is usually dry. potential some productivity in the AM
- recent history of URI
- no fever

A

post-infectious cough syndrome

35
Q

this is symptomatic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity that is less than 4 weeks. often preceded by a viral infection causing mucosal inflammation and obstruction.

A

acute bacterial rhinosinusitis

36
Q

how is acute bacterial rhinosinusitis treated

A

primary: amoxicillin or amoxi/clav or doxy
allergy: doxy or levo/moxi or cefixime +/- clindamycin

37
Q

what is the duration of therapy for adults vs children with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis

A

adults = 5-7days
children = 10-14 dayst

38
Q

this is symptomatic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses lasting more than 12 weeks. cannot be cured in most patients and tx is directed at improving symptoms and QoL.

A

chronic bacterial sinusitis

39
Q

what is used to treat chronic bacterial sinusitis

A
  • saline rinse
  • intranasal corticosteroids
40
Q

this is inflammation of the middle ear. more common in boys than girls and usually occurs around 6-24 months. children are more susceptible because they get predisposing viral infections more often and the Eustachian tubes are short and more horizontal which impairs drainage

A

scute ottis media

41
Q

when should you treat with Abx in acute otitis media

A

if symptoms get worse or do not improve in 24-48 hrs
- children < 6 months, always treat with ABx

42
Q

what is the treatment for acute otitis media where there were no antibiotics in prior 30 days or no concurrent purulent conjunctivitis

A

amoxicillin or cefuroxime/cefprzil or ceftriaxone
if clinical failure after 48-72 hrs: amoxi/clav or IM ceftriaxone
< 2 y/o: treat for 10 days in >2 y/o treat for 5-7 days

43
Q

what is the treatment for acute otitis media where they have received antibiotics in the last 30 days or has purulent conjunctivitis or a history of AOM failure tp amoxicillin

A

amoxi/clav or cefuroxime/cefprozil or ceftriaxone
if clinical failure after 48-72 hours IM ceftrixaone for 3 days
< 2 y/o: treat for 10 days in >2 y/o treat for 5-7 days

44
Q

this is an cute infection of the nasopharynx or oropharynx. presents primarily with a sore throat. may also have that redness, whitish spots on tonsils and swollen tonsils.

A

pharyngitis

45
Q

what pathogen commonly causes pharyngitis

A

group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GABS)

46
Q
A

pharmacotherapy 4270 (19 decks)

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