11. Tumours repro

Question 1

why is CT not really used?

Answer 1

-poor defintion
-high risk of radiation in repro tract

Question 2

corpus luteal cyst

Answer 2

corpus lute seals and fills with fluid/blood, ‘ring of fire’ on doppler

Question 3

Fitz-hugh kurtis syndrome

Answer 3

PID complication, leading to liver capsule inflammation and adhesions

Question 4

how to make PSA testing more valid

Answer 4

do PSA divide prostate volume, as some men will have naturally large/small prostate

Question 5

are VIN and vulval SCC related to HPV?

Answer 5

30% yes- HPV 16
70% no

Question 6

cervix lining before puberty

Answer 6

endocervix- columnar epi
ectocervix- squamous epi

Question 7

cervix lining just after puberty

Answer 7

all simple columnar, forming ectropian at ectocervix

Question 8

cervix lining after 30

Answer 8

squamous epic at transformation zone, to cope with acidic environment (metaplasia)

Question 9

which TSGs do E6 & E7 affect?

Answer 9

E6- p53
E7- Rb

Question 10

staging for cervical cancer

Answer 10

FIGO

Question 11

endogenous risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 11

-obesity, as adipocytes convert androgens to oestrogen
-early monarch/late menopause, as more oestrogen exposure

Question 12

psmammoma bodies

Answer 12

calcium collection, in serous adenocarcinoma of endometrium and ovaries

Question 13

management of endometrial cancer

Answer 13

-hysterectomy
-salpingo-oopherectomy
-+/- lymph node dissection
-+/- chemo/radiotherpay

Question 14

link BRCA1/2 to ovarian cancer

Answer 14

mutations in theses TSGs associated with high grade serous cancer

Question 15

how does ovarian serous adenocarcinoma spread?

Answer 15

exfoliates, transcoelemic spread to peritoneum

Question 16

hormone produced by sertoli-leydig tumours

Answer 16

testosterone

Question 17

affect of sertoli-leydig tumours on pre-pubescent girls

Answer 17

prevent secondary sexual characteristic development

Question 18

krukenberg tumour

Answer 18

metastatic GI tumour, usually stomach
look like signet cells

Question 19

why’s it important to ask a patients surgical history in the case of testicular tumours?

Answer 19

previous orchiopexy to fix and undescended testicle shows testicle more likely to develop tumour

Question 20

tumour markers for germ cell tumours

Answer 20

AFP (yolk sac and liver, so not specific)
bHCG (choriocarcinoma)\

both= mixed tumour