Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

biology > 1.1 to 2.6B > Flashcards

1.1 to 2.6B Flashcards

1
Q

nutrition

A

taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions containing raw materials or energy for growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

respiration

A

chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

excretion

A

removal of toxic materials from organism (substance in excess of requirement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sensitivity

A

sense or detect changes in the environment (stimuli) and respond accordingly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

movement

A

action by which and organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

homeostasis

A

self regulation control of their internal enviroment to maintain stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

reproduction

A

process that make more of the same kind or organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

growth

A

permanent increase in size and dry mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are eukaryotic organisms?

A

plants, animals, fungi, and protoctists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tell me about the photosynthesis and whether plants are multicellular of single celled organisms

A

plants contain chloroplasts therefore can carry out photosynthesis and they are multicellular organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the cell wall of plants made from

A

cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

plants store carbohydrates as?

A

starch and sucrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

give me an example of a flowering plant

A

cereal- maize or herbaceous legume-peas and beans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

are animal cells multicellular or not and do they carry out photosynthesis

A

they are multicellular organisms and they do not carry out photosynthesis as they do not contain chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

do animal cells have a cell wall

A

no animal cells do not have a cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what do animal cells store carbohydrates as?

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

are fungi single celled or multicellular organisms

A

they can be both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is their body made from

fungi

A

it is organised into a mycelium made from thread like structures - which are hyphae which contain many nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

wht is the cell wall of fungi made up of

A

chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what type of nutrition do they carry out (fungi)

A

saprotrophic nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what does fungi store carbohydrates as?

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

give me a multicellular and a unicellular type of fungi

A

the unicellular is yeast and the multicellular is mucor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

are protoctists single celled or multicellular?

A

single celled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are two types and what are their characteristics

protoctists

A

amoeba- lives in pond water and have features like animal cells
chlorella- have chloroplasts and have features like plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is a prokaryotic organism
bacteria
26
what is a pathogenic example?
plasmodium which causes malaria
27
what are bacteria
microscopic single celled organisms
28
what do the bacteria cells contain and not contain
they contain: - cell wall - cell membrane - cytoplasm - plasmids - circular chromosomes of DNA they don't contain - a nucleus
29
what are two examples of bacteria and what are their characteristics?
lactobacillus- rod shped bacterium used in the production of yogurt from milk pneumococcus- spherical bacterium that acts as the pathogen causing pneumonia
30
what do pathogens include
they include fungi, bacteria, protoctists, and viruses
31
are viruses living or non living
non living
32
where can viruses reproduce
they can only reproduce inside living cells
33
what do they have instead of a cellular structure? | virus
they have a protein coat and they contain one type of nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA)
34
what are three examples of viruses
tobacco mosaic virus - discoloring of tomato leaves plants. by preventing the formation of chloroplasts influenza virus- causes the flu HIV virus- causes AIDS
35
what are the levels of organisation in order?
1. organelle 2. cells 3. tissues 4. organs 5. organ system
36
what is an organelle?
a component within a cell that carries out a specific task
37
what is a cell?
basic functional and structural units in a living organism
38
what are tissues?
a group of cells of similar structure working together to perform a particular function
39
what are organs?
a group of different tissues working together to perform a paticular function
40
what is an organ system?
a group of organs with related functions working together to perform body functions within the organism
41
what organelles do animal cells have inside the cytoplasm
- nucleus - mitochondria - ribosomes
42
what organelles do plant cells have inside the cytoplasm
- nucleus - mitochondria - ribosomes - cell wall - chloroplast - permanent vacuole
43
what is the function of the nucleus
contains the genetic material in chromosomes which control how cells grow and work it controls cell division
44
what is the function of the cytoplasm
it supports the cell structure it is the site of many chemical reactions it contains water and many solutes
45
what is the function of the cell membrane
it holds the cell together it controls the substances entering and leaving the cell
46
what is the function of the cell wall
it gives the cell extra support and defines its shape it is made of cellulose (which is a polymer of glucose)
47
what is the function of the mitochondria
it is the site of aerobic respiration--> which provides energy to the cell there will be more mitochondria in cells with higher metabolism which means they carry out many different cell reactions
48
what is the function of the chloroplast
it is the site of photosynthesis the green chlorophyll pigments absorb light energy needed for the reaction to occur
49
what is the function of the ribosomes
site of protein production in protein synthesis
50
what is the function of the vacuole
contains cell sap used for storage of certain material helps support the shape of the cell and pushes the cytoplasm against the cell wall keeping the cell turgid
51
what is cell differentiation
a process by which a cell changes to become specialised
52
in animals, at what stage are most cells able to differentiate
at a very early stage so animal cells lose their ability to differentiate early in the life of the organism
53
what are the animal cells that are able to differentiate later in the life of the organism called
adult stem cells can differetiate all throughout the life of the organism they are mainly used to replace and repair cells (such as blood or skin cells)
54
in plants, at what stage are most cells able to differentiate
they retain the ability to fully differentiate
55
what are specialised cells
they are cells which have developed certain characteristics in order to perform particular functions
56
what is an example of a specialised cell in animals
red blood cell - the function is to transport oxygen to do this it differentiated into - a biconcave shape to increase the surface area for more efficient diffusion of oxygen - it contains hemoglobin which joins with oxygen to transport it - it contains no nucleus to increase the amount of space available for hemoglobin inside the cell
57
what is an example of a specialised cell in plants
root hair cell - the function is to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil to do this it differentiated into - a shape where the surface area is increased to ensure maximum absorption - the walls are thin to make sure the water moves through quickly - no chloroplasts since it is underground
58
what are the advantages of using stem cells in medicine
- good potential in treating a wide variety of diseases - organs developed from a patient's own stem cells reduces the risk of rejection - adult stem cells are already used in medicine this day to treat a variety of treatments
59
what are the disadvantages of using stem cells in medicine?
- stem cells that are cultured in labs can become infected with a virus which can then be transmitted to the patient - cultured stem cells can accumulate mutations that can lead them to developing cancer - there are a low number of stem cell donors
60
ethical issues of using stem cells
- is it right to use embryonic stem cells because who gives permission? - who owns the embryo in the scenario of an creating an embryo in therapeutic cloning - should an embryo be treated as a person with human rights or as a commodity?

biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions