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Higher Biology 2022 > 1.1 The Structure of DNA > Flashcards

1.1 The Structure of DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the structure of inherited genetic material

A
  • Found in DNA
  • Contains all the genes that code for proteins
  • DNA is in the form of a double stranded helix
  • DNA is found in chromosomes most of the time
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2
Q

What is the genotype determined by?

A

The sequence of bases

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3
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

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4
Q

What are the subunits of DNA called?

A

Nucleotides

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5
Q

What three components make up a nucleotide?

A
  • Deoxyribose sugar
  • Phosphate
  • Base(Nitrogenous)
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6
Q

What type of bonds hold the bases together?

A

Hydrogen Bonding

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7
Q

What two types of bonding hold DNA in its structure?

A 
Sugar Phosphate Bonds (strong backbone)
Hydrogen Bonds (weak bonds)
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8
Q

The base Adenine pairs with what base?

A

Thymine

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9
Q

What are the base pairing rules?

A

Adenine - Thymine

Cytosine - Guanine

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10
Q

Why is DNA described as antiparallel?

A
  • The strands run in opposite directions
  • The strands are parallel
  • 5’ to 3’ on one strand, 3’ to 5’ on the other
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11
Q

How is DNA organised in prokaryotes?

A

Single circular chromosomes

Plasmids

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12
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Rings of extra genetic material found in the cytoplasm

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13
Q

Where is DNA found in Eukaryotes?

A

Distinct Membrane bound Nucleus (In mitochondria and plasmids as well)

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14
Q

Describe the organelles in Prokaryotes?

A

No membrane bound organelles

No distinct nucleus

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15
Q

Describe the organisation of DNA in Eukaryotes

A
  • Linear Chromosomes in Nucleus
  • DNA tightly packaged around histones
  • Circular chromosomes found in mitochondria and chloroplasts
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16
Q

Do eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles?

A

Yes

17
Q

Do prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles?

A

No

18
Q

How is DNA packaged in eukaryotes?

A

Held in linear chromosomes by tightly packing the DNA round packaging proteins called histones

19
Q

Why are yeast cells an unusual example of eukaryotic cells?

A
  • Contain membrane bound organelles
  • Contain linear chromosomes
  • Contain circular chromosomes in mitochondria
  • ALSO contain plasmids in cytoplasm
20
Q

What are some characteristics of prokaryotic cells?

A
  • Circular Chromosome
  • Plasmids in Cytoplasm
  • No membrane bound organelles
  • No distinct nucleus

Higher Biology 2022 (24 decks)

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