11. The Readeption of Henry VI 1470 and Return of Edward 1471 Flashcards
What was Richard Neville a perfect example of 1470-71?
An ‘over-mighty subject’
Why was Warwick so powerful?
Exceptionally wealthy magnate & large private retinue. Many members of affinity had long-standing loyalty to his family
Which Battle did Warwick help Edward win in 1461?
The Battle of Towton
Why did Edward and Warwick become increasingly alienated May 1464?
King’s highly unsuitable, secret marriage to Elizabeth Woodville
Why was the secret marriage unsuitable?
She was from the gentry class, a widow with 2 sons & her whole family had previously been Lancastrian supporters
Why did the marriage particularly upset Warwick?
It ended the prospect of Edward marrying a French princess for diplomatic reasons that Warwick had worked hard to promote. It infuriated French King & made Warwick feel humiliated and betrayed
Why did Queen Elizabeth’s large family quickly become known for greed?
A very significant proportion if royal patronage flowed in the direction of her father & siblings
Why was George d. Clarence disillusioned with Edward?
He resented the growing influence of the Woodvilles & the generosity shown towards the third & youngest brother Richard, duke of Gloucester
What did Edward refuse when Clarence began to seek support from Warwick?
The marriage of Isabel (Warwick’s daughter) and Clarence
What did Warwick encourage in 1469?
2 popular rebellions against Edward in the north. Led by 2 rebels, ‘Robin of Redesdale’ and ‘Robin of Holderness’
Why did Warwick encourage the Robin rebels?
To distract King Edward’s attention while Clarence sailed to Calais to marry Isabel Neville & planned how to seize the throne from his brother
When was the Battle of Edgecote?
July 1469
Who did Clarence and Warwick intercept when they returned to England with troops and defeat at the Battle of Edgecoat?
The earl of Pembroke, one of Edward’s principal supporters
Who was taken prisoner after the Battle of Edgecoat and what did this mean for the governance of England?
Edward after attempting to flee. Warwick now attempted to rule England in Edward’s name
Why could Warwick not govern in Edward’s name?
He had overestimated magnate support for his cause
Why was Warwick forced to release Edward IV from custody?
Lancastrian uprising in North West
Unco-operative nobility
What did Warwick support in March 1470?
He encouraged a rebellion by Sir Robert Welles (Linconshire) against Edward
The Welles rebellion led to what and who was victorious?
The Battle of Losecoat Field and the king was victorious
Why did Warwick and Clarence flee to France?
They hoped to enlist the support of Louis XI
What did the French king persuade Clarence and Warwick to do and why?
Form an alliance with Margaret of Anjou to restore Henry VI to the throne
How was the Alliance between Margaret and Warwick+Clarence confirmed?
Betrothal of Margaret’s son, Prince Edward, to Warwick’s younger daughter, Anne Neville in Dec 1470
What was Louis XI’s main aim?
To break the English alliance with Charles, duke of Burgundy, which had been strengthened when Edward married his sister Margaret to Charles
How did the agreement between Warwick and Margaret play out when Warwick returned to England?
Sept 1470, Edward IV forced to flee to Burgundy and the Lancastrian king was released from prison. Henry’s readeption to the throne folllowed
Now there was a Lancastrian king, who did England in the quarrel between Louis XI and Charles of Burgundy?
France
Why did the support of this particular foreign side anger parliament?
They had not been consulted about this major change in foreign policy which was liable to significantly impact trade
What did this English foreign support push the duke of Burgundy to do?
Help fund Edward’s plans to retake the English throne
Why was the duke of Clarence starting to become disillusioned with Warwick and what did this lead to in terms of Edward?
He would not support his candidature for the throne
Reconciliation
What battle happened in April 1471?
The Battle of Tewkesbury
Who met Warwick’s forces at this battle 1471?
The reunited York brothers
Who died at the Battle of Tewkesbury?
Warwick
Leading Lancastrians
Prince Edward
Who died shortly after the Battle of Tewkesbury and is part of the reason Edward’s second reign was more stable?
Henry VI
