1.1 The drainage basin system Flashcards
In the drainage basin, what are the outputs?
evaporation, evapotranspiration, river discharge
What are the stores?
interception, soil water, surface water, ground water, channel storage
What are the flows?
above ground = throughfall, stemflow, overland flow, channel flow
below ground = infiltration, percolation, throughflow, ground water, baseflow
What is the hydrological cycle?
The way that water moves from the sea, through the air and back into the sea.
What is precipitation?
Water falling from the sky
What is interception?
The rain which is intercepted before it reaches the ground, usually by vegetation.
What is throughfall?
In a long rainstorm, leaves become saturated and water begins to drip on the ground.
What is stem flow?
Water moves from tree to ground flowing down the outside of the trunk.
What is runoff/overland flow?
When the soil is saturated and rain continues to fall, the rain will have surface run off.
What is discharge?
The amount of water flowing down a river at any one time
What is infiltration capacity?
How much water can be taken into the ground before the water begins to sit on the surface and not be absorbed
What is throughflow?
The flow of water through the ground rather than on top of the ground soil layer
What is percolation?
Water that flows down into the bedrock
What is baseflow?
Water flowing from ground water into lakes or rivers
What is groundwater?
Storage of water in the ground e.g. water in rocks
