1.1 Surveying Concepts Flashcards
The art of determining the positions of points on or near the earth’s surface by means of measurements in the three elements of space; namely, ____, ____, and ____.
Surveying; distance, direction, and elevation
The art of measuring horizontal and vertical distance between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of estimating points by ____ angular and linear measurements.
Surveying; predetermined
The art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of the earth that, on drawing them to scale, natural and artificial features, may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships.
Surveying
The branch of ____ which teaches the art of determining the area of any portion of the earth’s surface, the length and directions of the boundary lines, the contour of the surface, and of accurately delineating the whole on paper.
Surveying; applied mathematics
The science or art of making such measurements as are necessary to determine the relative position of points above, on, or beneath the surface of the earth, or to establish such points.
Surveying
The science and art of determining relative positions of points above, on, or beneath the surface of the earth, or establishing such points.
Surveying
Uses of Survey (8)
- Staking out of simple structures
- Surveying of small parcels of land
- Extensive surveys in construction of: subdivisions, dams, bridges, railroads, highways, wharves, canals, missile and rocket launching sites, drainage, irrigation systems, etc.
- Laying out of industrial equipment
- Preparing forestry and geological maps
- Positioning massive and complex machinery
- Construction of ships and airplanes
- Exploration of extraterrestrial bodies
The type of surveying in which the earth is considered to be a flat surface, and where distances and areas involved are of limited extent that the exact shape of the earth is disregarded.
Plane Surveying
Surveys of wide extent which take into account the spheroidal shape of the earth.
Geodetic Surveying
are usually of a national character.
Geodetic Surveying
are usually closed surveys which are undertaken in urban and rural locations for the purpose of determining and defining property lines and boundaries, corners, and areas.
Cadastral Surveys
are surveys of the areas in and near a city for the purpose of planning expansions or improvements, locating property lines, fixing reference monuments, determining the physical features and configuration of the land, and preparing maps.
City Surveys
are surveys which are undertaken at a construction site to provide data regarding grades, reference lines, dimension, ground configuration, and the location and elevation of structures which are of concern to engineers, architects and builders.
Construction Surveys
a type of surveying streams, in connection with forest management and mensuration, and the production and conservation of forest lands.
Forestry surveys
refer to surveying streams, lakes, reservoirs, harbors, oceans, and other bodies of water.
Hydrographic surveys
The use of surveying techniques in ship building, construction and assembly of aircraft, layout and installation of heavy and complex machinery.
Industrial surveys
also known as optical tooling.
Industrial surveys
These surveys are made to map shore lines, chart the shape of areas underlying water surfaces, and measure the flow of streams.
Hydrographic surveys
is to determine the position of all underground excavations and mine structures, to fix surface boundaries of mining claims, determine geological formations, to calculate excavated volumes, and establish lines and grades for other related mining work.
Mine surveys
a type of survey which makes use of photographs taken with specially designed cameras either from airplanes or ground stations.
Photogrammetric surveys
involves the determination of alignment, grades, earthwork quantities, location of natural and artificial objects in connection with the planning, design, and construction of highways, railroads, pipelines, canals, transmission lines, and other linear projects.
Route surveys
are made for determining the shape of the ground, and the location and elevation of natural and artificial features shown include such natural objects as hills, mountains, rivers, lakes, relief of the ground surface.
Topographic surveys
These are mostly undertaken by government agencies to serve as a basis for the production of accurate base and topographic maps.
Geodetic Surveying
A number of points of known location and elevations are established to serve as controls for subordinate surveys of lesser extent which are performed as plane surveys.
Geodetic Surveying
