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Biology > 1.1 - structure of DNA and the genome > Flashcards

1.1 - structure of DNA and the genome Flashcards

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1
Q

Name of the repeating units that make up a molecule of DNA?

A

Nucleotide

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2
Q

What three things make up a DNA nucleotide?

A

Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, base

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3
Q

What is a sugar phosphate backbone?

A

A sugar phosphate backbone is when a sugar of one nucleotide forms a strong bond with the phosphate of the nucleotide below to form a strand of DNA

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4
Q

What does anti-parallel mean?

A

Strands run parallel but in opposite directions to each other

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5
Q

What are prokaryotes?

A

They are organisms which lack a true membrane bound nucleus

- bacteria

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6
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

They are organisms which have a membrane-bound nucleus that stores their genetic material
- plants, animals, fungi

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7
Q

What is the function of a ribosome?

A

Site of protein synthesis

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8
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

Controls cell division and cell chemistry

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9
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls movement of materials into and out of the cell

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10
Q

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Transports protein around the cell

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11
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis

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12
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Site of aerobic stages of respiration

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13
Q

What is the function of the golgi body?

A

Packages protein for secretion

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14
Q

What has a large circular chromosome and structures called plasmids?

A

Prokaryotes

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15
Q

What has linear chromosomes held inside a nucleus?

A

Eukaryotes

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16
Q

Circular chromosomal can also be found where in eukaryotic cells?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

17
Q

Why are yeast cells a special example of eukaryotes?

A

They also have plasmids

18
Q

What is DNA packaged around in eukaryotes?

A

Histones

19
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

No

20
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have linear or circular DNA?

A

Circular

21
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have plasmids?

A

Yes

22
Q

Do Prokaryotic cells have chloroplasts?

A

No

23
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have mitochondria?

A

No

24
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have ribosomes?

A

Yes

25
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

A

Yes

26
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have linear or circular DNA?

A

Linear

27
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have plasmids?

A

No

28
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts?

A

Yes but only in plants

29
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have mitochondria?

A

Yes

30
Q

Do eukaryotic cells have ribosomes?

A

Yes

Biology (9 decks)

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