1.1 - structure of DNA and the genome Flashcards
Name of the repeating units that make up a molecule of DNA?
Nucleotide
What three things make up a DNA nucleotide?
Phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, base
What is a sugar phosphate backbone?
A sugar phosphate backbone is when a sugar of one nucleotide forms a strong bond with the phosphate of the nucleotide below to form a strand of DNA
What does anti-parallel mean?
Strands run parallel but in opposite directions to each other
What are prokaryotes?
They are organisms which lack a true membrane bound nucleus
- bacteria
What are eukaryotes?
They are organisms which have a membrane-bound nucleus that stores their genetic material
- plants, animals, fungi
What is the function of a ribosome?
Site of protein synthesis
What is the function of a nucleus?
Controls cell division and cell chemistry
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls movement of materials into and out of the cell
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Transports protein around the cell
What is the function of the chloroplast?
Site of photosynthesis
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Site of aerobic stages of respiration
What is the function of the golgi body?
Packages protein for secretion
What has a large circular chromosome and structures called plasmids?
Prokaryotes
What has linear chromosomes held inside a nucleus?
Eukaryotes
Circular chromosomal can also be found where in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Why are yeast cells a special example of eukaryotes?
They also have plasmids
What is DNA packaged around in eukaryotes?
Histones
Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
No
Do prokaryotic cells have linear or circular DNA?
Circular
Do prokaryotic cells have plasmids?
Yes
Do Prokaryotic cells have chloroplasts?
No
Do prokaryotic cells have mitochondria?
No
Do prokaryotic cells have ribosomes?
Yes
Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?
Yes
Do eukaryotic cells have linear or circular DNA?
Linear
Do eukaryotic cells have plasmids?
No
Do eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts?
Yes but only in plants
Do eukaryotic cells have mitochondria?
Yes
Do eukaryotic cells have ribosomes?
Yes
