11 Salivary Gland Pathology Flashcards
1
Q
mucocele
A
- 60% lower lip
- all ages
2
Q
salivary duct cyst
A
- epithelial lined cavity
- possible duct obstruction
- history of trauma, swelling, pain
3
Q
ranula
A
-mucocele in floor of mouth
4
Q
sialoliths
A
- episodic swelling, often at mealtimes
- most often in submandibular gland system
- tx with sialogogues, moist heat, fluid intake, surgical removal
5
Q
sialadenitis
A
- infectious and noninfectious causes
- mumps, staph aureus
- sjogrens, sarcoidosis, radiation therapy, allergens
6
Q
acute bacterial sialadenitis
A
- most common in parotid, 10-25% bilateral
- swollen, painful, possible trismus and fever, purulent discharge
- chronic sclerosing sialadenitis if fibrosis present
- tx with antibiotics and rehydration, drain abscess
7
Q
cheilitis glandularis
A
- rare inflammation of minor salivary glands
- swelling of lower lip and glands
- middle aged/older men
- tx with vermillionectomy
- 18-35% associated with squamous cell carcinoma
8
Q
sialorrhea
A
- excessive salivation
- local irritants, GERD, rabies, medications
- neuromuscular disorders, mental retardation, surgical resection of madible cause poor neuromuscular control
- tx with anticholinergic meds, transdermal scopolamine
9
Q
idiopathic paroxysmal sialorrhea
A
- episodic excessive salivation, 2-5 minutes
- associated with nausea or epigastric pain
10
Q
xerostomia
A
- drugs major cause
- causes thirst, caries, thick saliva, microflora shift, sleep affected
- tx with biotene products, gels, liquids, prevident, pilocarpine, saliva substitutes
11
Q
sjogren syndrome
A
- chronic, systemic autoimmune disease causing xerostomia
- mostly middle aged women
- rheumatoid arthritis associated with sjogren
- schirmer test for tear secretions
12
Q
sialadenosis
A
- noninflammatory enlargement of parotid glands caused by loss of autonomic innervation
- associated with diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, alcoholism, bulimia
13
Q
necrotizing sialometaplasia
A
- locally destructive inflammatory condition
- causes include trauma, injections, dentures, tumors, surgery
- most unilateral, posterior palate
- painful swelling sloughs leaving necrotic ulcer
- biopsy, no tx, heals in 5-6 weeks
14
Q
salivary gland tumors
A
- parotid gland most common, 15-30% malignant
- pleomorphic adenomas and warthin tumor most common benign, mucoepidermoid carcinoma most common malignant
- submandibular 35-45% malignant, pleomorphic adenomas (benign) and adenoid cystic carcinomas (malignant) most common
- sublingual rare, mostly malignant
- minor glands 50% malignant, palate, lips, buccal mucosa
15
Q
pleomorphic adenoma
A
- most common salivary gland neoplasm, benign
- ductal and myoepithelial elements
- painless, slow growing, facial nerve palsy rare
- parotid, palate
- surgical excision, recurrence risk in larger glands
16
Q
warthin tumor
A
- parotid only
- smoking association (8x over non-smokers)
- slow growing, painless, mostly unilateral near angle of mandible
- surgical removal
17
Q
monomorphic adenomas
A
- canalicular adenoma, only in minor glands of upper lip and buccal muccosa
- basal cell adenoma mostly in parotid and upper lip
- surgical removal
18
Q
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
A
- most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm, most common in parotid
- most common salivary gland tumor of kids
- graded low to high, facial nerve palsy and pain common in high grade
- surgical removal, prognosis depends on grade level
19
Q
adenoid cystic carcinoma
A
- rare in parotid, 50% in minor glands
- most common malignancy of submandibular glands
- slow growing, dull aching pain, facial nerve paralysis or bone destruction possible
- perineural invasion characteristic feature
- surgery + radiation
- prognosis poor for submandibular and maxillary sinus, metastases to lungs and bone
20
Q
polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma
A
- only in minor salivary glands, mostly palate, upper lip, buccal mucosa
- older adults, mostly female
- perineural invasion
- surgical removal, prognosis good
