08 Physical & Chemical injuries Flashcards
linea alba
-pressure -friction irritation -sucking trauma -13% population -no treatment/biopsy
morsicatio buccarum
-cheek chewing -females>males -ragged hyperkeratosis histologically
electrical burns
-common, 5% burn admissions -extreme heat -usually small children on lips -charred, little bleeding, significant edema
ulceration treatment
-remove injury source -treat symptoms -biopsy if no healing
common chemical injuries
-aspirin -OTC meds -gasoline -dental chemicals -listerine
chemotherapy changes
-mucositis (mucosal necrosis) of nonkeratinized surfaces -hemorrhage -increased infection susceptibility -oral ulceration -impaired healing
radiation changes
-acute mucositis (mucosal necrosis) of mucosal surfaces -dermatitis -hemorrhage secondary to thrombocytopenia -xerostomia -loss of taste (hypogeusia, dyseusia) -osteoradionecrosis, risk increases with surgery -trismus of TMJ capsule and muscles -developmental abnormalities
BRONJ
-bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw -bisphosphonates used to slow bone involvement of cancer -IV use most often contributes
meth mouth
-methamphetamine abuse -xerostomia, parasitosis, rampant caries -users appear emaciated, agitated, nervous, multiple class V lesions
anesthetic necrosis
-ulceration/necreosis several days after LA from tissue ischemia
exfoliative cheilitis
-from habitual lip licking, biting, picking, sucking -may have secondary bacterial or fungal infection
submucosal hemorrhage
-petechiae - minute hemorrhage of skin, mucosa, serosa -purpura - slightly larger than petechiae -ecchymosis - over 2cm -hematoma - swelling or mass -traumatic/non-traumatic -non-traumatic - thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), viral infections (mono, measles)
oral sexual practices
-palatal erythema, petechiae, purpura -lingual frenum tears, tongue ulcerations
amalgam tattoo
-incorporation of amalgam into tissues -can be seen on radiograph if large enough
oral piercings
-acute complicatoins - bleeding, infection, nerve damage -chronic complications - speech impediment, allergy, chipped teeth, aspiration
systemic metal intoxication
-lead - ulcerative stomatitis, burton’s line, metalic taste, tongue tremor -mercury (acrodynia) - hypersalivation, ulcerative gingivitis -silver (argyria) - slate blue gingival margins, gray skin discoloration
smoker’s melanosis
-increased oral pigmentations in 21% of smokers -polycyclic amines stimulate melanin -mostly in anterior facial gingiva
discoloration of oral mucosa (drug related)
-deposits of drug metabolites: phenolphthalein tranquilizers estrogen AIDS meds minocycline antimalarials chemotherapeutics
reactive osseous metaplasia
-bone within soft tissues specimens of oral cavity (nasopalatine duct, mechanical denture irritation)
reactive chondromatous metaplasia
-cartilage within soft tissue specimens of oral cavity
spontaneous sequestration
-rise along lingual mandible surface -ulcerative bone associated with loss of overlying mucosa -possible from: trauma, occlusion, vascular disruption, mucosal denudation, genetics
antral pseudocyst
-common finding on pan radiograph -dome-shaped radiopacity -floor of maxillary sinus -inflammatory serum exudate -odontogenic infection?
sinus mucocele
-mucin accumulation encased in epithelium -surgical ciliated cysts: mucocele due to blocked sinus ostium -retention cysts: partial blockage of duct of sero-mucus glands or invagination of respiratory epithelium -true sine mucoceles enlarge and expand bone making sinus cloudy
cervicofacial emphysema
-introduction of air into subcutaneous or fascial spaces of face and neck -can be from sneeze following extraction or from compressed air blown into wound with air syringe -treat with antibiotic/warm compress
myospherulosis
-topical antibiotic in petrolatum base placed in extraction socket -asymptomatic circumscribed radiolucency similar to residual cyst
