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OCHS 2340 > 11. Safety Programs for Cranes and Hoists > Flashcards

11. Safety Programs for Cranes and Hoists Flashcards

1
Q

List 4 classes of cranes and hoists.

A
  • Mobile Cranes
  • Non-mobile cranes
  • Construction cranes
  • Vehicle hoists
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2
Q

What are mobile cranes?

A

Mobile platforms, rail or truck mounted (with stabilizing outriggers).
Booms are raised and lowered by hydraulics or cables.

Types:

  • Steel lattice boom
  • Telescopic boom
  • Stiff or folding boom
  • Loader crane
  • Rough-terrain truck crane
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3
Q

What are non-mobile cranes?

A

Overhead cranes that are fixed in place. Typically found in factories and ports.

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4
Q

What are construction cranes?

A

Types:
- Tower cranes
A large lattice tower is bolted to a concrete pad. A jib/working arm carries the load. A trolley runs along the jib to move the load in/out. Operators work in a cab at top of the mast.

  • Luffing tower cranes
    Similar to a tower crane, but the jib angle can be raised/lowered.
  • Self-erect tower crane
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5
Q

What are vehicle hoists?

A
  • Surface lifts

- In-ground lifts

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6
Q

What is a bridge crane?

A

a fixed crane that ‘bridges’ the gap between two walls.
It may be remote operated or have a cab on larger bridge cranes.
Bridge cranes typically have a trolley that provide x-axis movement, and runway rails that provide y-axis movement.

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7
Q

What are gantry cranes?

A

Similar to bridge-cranes, gantry cranes have a trolley that moved along a beam.
Instead of using fixed runway rails, gantry cranes have legs that are either mounted on wheels or rails that allow for the crane to be moved.
Operation is usually remove, but can be from a cab in larger cranes.

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8
Q

What is a jib crane?

A

A jib crane is a horizontal boom mounted only on one end.
Jib booms are either mounted on a post (mast) or wall mounted.

Jib booms offer rotational movement up to 360 degrees.

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9
Q

What are monorail cranes?

A

A fixed crane that runs along a single track. The track may be straight/curved and change heights, but is fixed in place.

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10
Q

What are advantages of a single girder overhead crane vs a double girder crane?

A
  • Lower freight costs
  • Simpler installation
  • Simpler hoist/trolley design
  • Lighter runway beams
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11
Q

What are advantages of a double girder overhead crane vs a single girder crane?

A
  • Greater weight capacity
  • Wider spans
  • Higher duty cycles
  • Able to handle a working platform
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12
Q

What are advantages of a double girder overhead crane vs a single girder crane?

A
  • Greater weight capacity
  • Wider spans
  • Higher duty cycles
  • Able to handle a working platform
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13
Q

What are advantages of a top running overhead crane vs an under running crane?

A
  • No limiting capacity

- Good for heavy applications

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14
Q

What are advantages of a under running overhead crane vs an top running crane?

A
  • Lighter capacity applications
  • Require less ceiling space
  • Able to travel further at ends
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15
Q

What are the two types of gantry cranes?

A
  • Adjustable (boom can be raised/lowered)

- Fixed (boom height is fixed)

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16
Q

What is a climbing tower crane?

A

A construction tower crane which is able to add sections to it’s own tower to increase the crane height.

17
Q

What is a non-climbing tower crane?

A

A type of construction tower crane, which requires the use of a mobile crane to add tower sections to increase the tower crane height.

18
Q

What are the main parts of a tower crane?

A
  • The base (bottom of mast bolted to a concrete pad)
  • The mast

-The slewing unit
(Jib, machinery arm, operator cab)

19
Q

What specifications should a tower crane have?

A
  • Maximum unsupported height
    (when tied into building, height can be greater)
  • Maximum reach
  • Maximum lift power
  • Counter weights
20
Q

What are the two types of vehicle lifts?

A

1, In-ground lifts (older style)
(1 or 2 hydraulic pistons that retract into the floor)

2, Surface-mount lifts (newer)
(attached to floor, and remain above ground.

Surface-mount lifts are easier/cheaper to install/inspect/maintain. they also have a greater variety of designs.

21
Q

Describe four ways that a vehicle lift can engage with a vehicle.

A
  • Frame-engaging lifts
    wide-area contact pads support vehicles frame
  • Axel-engaging lifts
    Contact pads lift the vehicle by the axels
  • Runway lifts
    Ramps that a vehicle drives onto
  • Rocker panel lifts
    Pads support the vehicles rocker panels (running along the side of the frame)
22
Q

What are common hazards involved in crane and hoist operations?

A
  • Loss of load from component failure
  • Loss of load from crane overloading
  • Loss of load from incorrect boom positioning
  • Striking bystanders, structures or other vehicles when crane is in motion
  • Contacting energized conductors
  • Crane rollover from overloading or incorrect loading
  • Operator injury from manual handling
23
Q

Why do OHS regulations require that the load capacity be physically marked on some cranes?

A

Physical load capacity markings are required on cranes that do not require load charts.
These are usually lower capacity cranes of simple design. They are operated by regular workers instead of crane operators.
The physical markings ensure a permanent record of limits and reminder to workers using the crane.

24
Q

Why do regulations include so much prescriptive legislation on crane manuals and inspections?

A
  • Cranes must be in near perfect condition to make safe lifts.
  • Lack of attention to safe operating procedures and maintenance has led to serious accidents.
  • Critical crane components are subject to damage during operations.
25
Q

What should happen if a crane load contacts part of the crane structure or the crane structure contacts a building/bridge/structure?

A

A qualified person must inspect the point of contact and assess damage. Any necessary repairs must be conducted and then the crane must be certified by an engineer prior to further use.

26
Q

List 6 factors that effect the load capacity of a crane.

A
  • Angle of the boom or jib
  • Length of the boom or jib
  • Position of a load supporting trolley
  • Use of outriggers (wheeled cranes used without outriggers in place are described as being “on rubber”)
  • Boom position relative to the midline of the crane body
  • Hoisting devices and attachments being used

Load charts take these factors into account

27
Q

List and briefly describe three key ways BC Crane Safety aims to promote safer crane operations in BC

A

promote accident-free crane operations throughout the British Columbia.

promote the establishment of a cost-effective crane operator qualification regime that includes appropriate assessments and proof of competency and is available at all levels of the industry.

promote the attractiveness of the industry to prospective entry-level crane operators and the timely achievement of their qualifications.

28
Q

List 5 key areas OHS regulators usually provide direction with regards to crane safety.

A

Mandatory design standards

Requirements for ongoing inspection and maintenance

Specific operating practices for specific cranes and hoists

Qualifications of operators of cranes and hoists

Prescriptions for specific safety devices

29
Q

list three key items/components that should be inspected at least daily on a vehicle hoist.

A

Hydraulics
Emergency stop
Moving parts

30
Q

list three key items/components that should be inspected at least daily on a jib crane.

A

Cable & hook condition
Any components requiring lubrication
General condition of jib

31
Q

list three key items/components that should be inspected at least daily on a bridge crane

A

The general condition of the bridge
The condition of the end stops
Any parts that require lubrication

32
Q

What is an anti-two-block device?

A

A device that stops the cable being reeled in so far that the hoisting block contacts the boom block.

33
Q

What is a boom stop?

A

A device to prevent the boom from being retracted beyond safe angles (too close to 90 degrees)

OCHS 2340 (12 decks)

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