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2nd Year - Psychiatry I > 1.1 PSY I - History of Psychiatry > Flashcards

1.1 PSY I - History of Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

Psychiatry is a medical specialty devoted to _____

A

the study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental disorders.

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2
Q

3 major differences between Psychiatrists and Psychologists.

A

Psychiatrists:

1) Completed 4 years of medical school
2) Can diagnose other medical illnesses
3) Can prescribe medications

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3
Q

Ancient procedure where a hole is made in the patient’s skull in the belief that evil spirits would leave the brain.

A

Trepanation

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4
Q

Beliefs of 2000 BC regarding mental illness

A

Demons and devil possess the individual and causes him/her to act in destructive ways.

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5
Q

Ancient document that describes illnesses which sounds like depression, dementia, and schizophrenia.

A

Ebers Papyrus

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6
Q

Ebers Papyrus (state the approximate year)

A

1500 BC

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7
Q

Theorized that temperaments depended on 4 humors of the body.

A

Hippocrates

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8
Q

Define: Somatization. (460 BC)

A

Blaming body parts

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9
Q

Enumerate: 4 Humors of the Body

A

1) Black Bile (Melancholic)
2) Yellow Bile (Choleric)
3) Phlegm (Phlegmatic)
4) Blood (Sanguine)

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10
Q

If you are described as moody, anxious, or pessimistic, you are most likely abundant in which of the 4 humors of the body?

A

Black Bile (Melancholic)

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11
Q

If you are described as sociable, outgoing, carefree, you are most likely abundant in which of the 4 humors of the body?

A

Blood (Sanguine)

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12
Q

If you are abundant in Yellow Bile, you are most likely to be described as?

A

Touchy, Restless, Optimistic, Impulsive

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13
Q

If you are abundant in Phlegm, you are most likely to be described as?

A

Passive, Controlled, Careful

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14
Q

Define: Hysteria (460 BC)

A

Uncontrollable outburst of emotion or fear

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15
Q

Treatment prescribed for Hysteria (460 BC)

A

Marriage and Sex, OR luring the uterus back using scents

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16
Q

Identify Philosopher: Depression is caused by an accumulation of black bile. (200 AD)

A

Galen

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17
Q

Galen: Treatments for accumulation of black bile.

A

Blood-letting, purging, diets, exercise, and intentional contraction of malaria.

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18
Q

Fall of the Roman Empire (410 AD) is characterized by:

A

The decline of scientific knowledge about mental illnesses, along with the return to supernatural and demonological explanations.

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19
Q

Define: Lunacy (410 AD)

A

Phenomenon wherein a full moon can drive humans and animals to become wild, aggressive, and irritable.

-Note: Not based on scientific evidence

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20
Q

705 AD

A

Year the first psychiatric hospitals were established.

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21
Q

Location of the first hospital.

A

Baghdad

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22
Q

Oldest psychiatric hospital in Europe. (1247 AD)

A

Bethlehem (Bedlam) Hospital

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23
Q

Describe patient care in Bedlam Hospital.

A

Patients treated inhumanely and underwent torture for treatment.

-Note: Elite people pay to visit and ridicule patients.

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24
Q

Malleus Maleficarum (1500 AD)

A

A published manual of how to torture someone into confessing that she is a witch.

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25
Q

Treatment utilized by Paracelsus for mental illness.

A

Insane people were burned at the stakes.

26
Q

T/F: Torture and murder of the mentally ill were justified by the scriptural association of madness with evil (1500 AD)

A

TRUE

-Note: Leviticus - “A man or woman that hath a familiar spirit or that is a wizard, shall surely be put to death.”

27
Q

1518 AD

A

King Henry VII founded the Royal College of Physicians to protect the public from unregulated and unqualified quacks.

28
Q

1650-1950 AD

A

Asylum Era

29
Q

Key to recovery during the Asylum Era.

A

Punishment

30
Q

Beliefs of the 19th Century regarding mental illness

A

Mental illness is the result of pooling of blood in the brain

31
Q

Enumerate the primary psychiatric treatments of the 19th century.

A

1) Whirling Chair
2) Tranquilizer Chair
3) Hydrotherapy
4) Extensive use of emetics and purgatives

32
Q

Inventor of the Tranquilizer Chair (1760 AD)

A

Benjamin Rush

33
Q

Believed in the improvement of living conditions of patients in asylums, and humane ways of managing these patients. (1792 AD)

A

Philippe Pinel

34
Q

Coined the term “Psychiatry” (1808 AD)

A

Johann Christian Reil

35
Q

Believed brain diseases were responsible for mental illness, and that heredity and upbringing is important in the genesis of mental illness. (1820 AD)

A

Wilheim Griesinger

36
Q

Abolished mechanical restraints at Hanwell Asylum. (1839 AD)

A

John Conolly

37
Q

Year the Royal College of Psychiatrists was founded.

A

1841 AD

38
Q

Coined “Dementia praecox” (1896 AD)

A

Emil Kraeplin

39
Q

Father of Psychotherapy (1897 AD)

A

Sigmund Freud

40
Q

Coined the term “Schizophrenia” (1911 AD)

A

Eugene Bleuler

41
Q

Eugene Bleuler. (1911 AD)

A

Concentrated on diagnosing schizophrenia, and was the first to rank its symptoms.

42
Q

Carl Jung (1912 AD)

A

Developed own theories of the subconscious because not everything could be related to sex.

43
Q

Published the “Statistical Manual for the Use of Institution for the Insane” (1917 AD)

A

The American Psychiatric Association

44
Q

Describe: Insulin-coma therapy (1930’s AD)

A

Patient is given a high amount of insulin to make the decrease their blood sugar in order to induce seizures.

45
Q

Treatment used to decrease hallucinations (1935 AD)

A

Prefrontal lobotomy

46
Q

Inventor of electroconvulsive therapy, with renewed hopes that physical treatments could cure mental illness (1938 AD)

A

Ugo Cerletti

47
Q

Observed effects of Lithium salts on guinea pigs (1948 AD)

A

John Cade

48
Q

Approved by the FDA for treatment of mania (1970 AD)

A

Lithium salts

49
Q

Discovered and used for the treatment of psychosis, becoming the first anti-psychotic (1951 AD)

A

Chloropromazine

50
Q

Discovered Chloropromazine (1951 AD)

A

Paul Charpentier

51
Q

1952 AD

A

The creation of the first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) for mental disorders.

-Note: Current edition: DSM 5

52
Q

Describe: Axis I (DSM IV Classification)

A

Lists the major psychiatric disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, and drug dependence.

53
Q

DSM IV Classification that includes personality disorders, train, defense mechanism.

A

Axis II

54
Q

DSM IV Classification that includes rating of a person’s overall function, rated from 0 to 100.

A

Axis V

55
Q

Describe: Axis IV (DSM IV Classification)

A

Compounding factors precipitating the current disease.

56
Q

Describe: Axis III (DSM IV Classification)

A

Concurrent physical disorder.

57
Q

Obeisity would fall under which DSM Axis?

A

Axis IV

58
Q

Major Depressive disorder would fall under which DSM Axis?

A

Axis I

59
Q

Non-accidental ingestion of Paracetamol (30 tabs) would fall under which DSM Axis?

A

Axis III

60
Q

Are you a campfire?

A

..cause you are hot and I want s’more. ;)

2nd Year - Psychiatry I (4 decks)

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