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A Level Religious Studies > 1.1 Prophecy Regarding The Messiah > Flashcards

1.1 Prophecy Regarding The Messiah Flashcards

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1
Q

What does ‘Messiah’ translate to in Hebrew?

A

‘Anointed One’

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2
Q

Jewish expectations of the Messiah

A

Kingly, Davidic, Warrior, Gentiles, Purge Jerusalem, Priestly

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3
Q

Jewish interpretations of the suffering servant in Isaiah

A
  • not messianic texts
  • metaphor for Israel - ‘but you, Israel, my servant’ (Isaiah 4:8)
  • linked to background of Babylonian exile - suffering
  • Rowley - ‘no serious evidence’ of links to Messianic expectation before Christian era
  • Barton - ‘in Judaism in the first century, few people thought that was prophecy of the messiah’
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4
Q

Links to gospel portrayal of Jesus in the suffering servant songs of Isaiah

A
  • several, particularly in Isaiah 52-53: sacrifice of suffering servant e.g:
    - despised and rejected
    - pierced, crushed, wounded
    - died for other’s wrongdoings/transgressions + sins
    - did not open his mouth to defend himself (Jesus at trial)
    - died with criminals - ‘numbered with the transgressors’
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5
Q

Christian interpretations of the suffering servant songs of Isaiah

A

2 options:
- Jesus consciously mirrored the servant
- early church modelled their account of Jesus on these texts to explain why Jesus suffered and died
Hooker: ‘whether it was inherent in the teaching of Jesus, or whether it was introduced by the church to explain his death.’

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6
Q

Why did Matthew write the proof texts?

A

There were tensions within his community, and so he aimed to show the Jewishness of Jesus and that he was the fulfilment of the promises of Israel.
Attempts to prove that Jesus was the messiah in his opening chapters - injects fulfilment quotations

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7
Q

Links to David within Matthew’s 5 proof texts

A
  • first dream of Joseph: ‘Joseph, son of David’
  • Bethlehem stressed as place of birth, fulfilment of Micah 5:2, city of David
  • the magi acknowledge his kingship - ‘where is the one who has been born king of the Jews?’
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8
Q

Links to Moses in Matthew’s 5 proof texts

A
  • killing of first born by Herod (link to Pharoh)
  • Moses hidden and saved, Jesus saved through escape to Egypt
  • Joseph told to return after the death of Herod, like Moses after death of Pharaoh
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9
Q

What is the messianic secret?

A

First put forward by Wrede, proposed that Marks gospel presents Jesus as trying to keep the fact he was the messiah a secret

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10
Q

Examples of the messianic secret

A

Jesus : silences demons who knew him (mark 1:34), tells people who are healed not to tell anyone about him (5:35-43), speaks in parables so that people do not understand who he is (4:41)

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11
Q

Issue with the messianic secret (at the time)

A

Reflects tension - his followers believed him to be the messiah, but his ministry seemed ‘non-messianic’

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12
Q

Wredes thoughts on the messianic secret

A
  • marks theological device of secrecy - Jesus is the messiah but tries to keep it a secret
  • from mark, not Jesus himself
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13
Q

Hookers thoughts on the messianic secret

A
  • mark uses messianic secret to explain failure of disciples and authorities to understand that Jesus was the Messiah
  • possibly came from Jesus himself, to avoid distracting from his message about their ‘king of God’
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14
Q

Historical opinions on the messianic secret

A
  • other scholars argue its historical
  • Jesus didn’t want people to misunderstand his messiahship as a political messiahship
  • he redefined expectations of the messiah
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15
Q

Expectations regarding the messiah

A
  • the messiah would be born in Bethlehem
  • the messiah would descend from the line of David
  • the messiah would unite all nations
  • the messiah would be followed by men of all nations
  • the messiah would bring peace/ end war
  • the messiah would end death + bring about Christianity
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16
Q

What did people think the messiah would be like in the first century?

A
  • kingly messiah
  • priestly messiah
  • prophetic messsiah
  • suffering servant
17
Q

Two distinctive features of marks gospel regarding the messianic secret

A

1) Jesus makes people promise to keep his identity secret when they realise he is the messiah (e.g. when Jesus heals a leper he tells the man not to tell anyone of this miracle)
2) Jesus reveals that he is the messiah in parables so that people find it hard to understand his message

18
Q

What is the messianic secret?

A
  • Jesus had an “unmessianic ministry”, he taught a message of gods love/forgiveness and he died an unmessianic death
  • later Christian’s believed Jesus had been resurrected and was the messiah
  • mark wrote that Jesus had claimed to be the messiah but did so secretly making people ‘in the know’ stay silent speaking in parables
19
Q

What did wrede say about the messianic secret

A

The passage where Jesus admits to being the messiah are FICTCIOUS, they didn’t really happen

20
Q

Morna hookers five criticisms for the messianic secret

A

1) not everyone accepts Markan priority (details could have been added in)
2) there are reasons why Jesus would’ve wanted to keep his messiahship a secret (e.g. mobbing)
3) people would not understand what Jesus was if they heard that he is the messiah (would want him to declare king, authorities would silence him)
4) the parables could be that some people ‘can’t handle’ the truth (spiritually blinded)
5) he made few very public claims of being the messiah (e.g. riding in on a donkey to symbolise peace and OT fulfilment)

21
Q

Problems with matthews geneaolgy

A
  • it does not match up with the line of David in the New Testament, in that kings haven been missed out
  • there are not 14 generations between each frame
  • why does a genealogy on Jesus’ dads side matter if he was born to a virgin
22
Q

Counterarguments to the problems with matthews genealogy

A
  • missing people probably due to dependence on OT information
  • 14 is 7 twice, 7 is a sacred number in Judaism as its the number of perfection
  • ancient scholars suppose adoptions/remarriages occurred
  • Raymond e brown, they were to make religious and political points
  • in the ancient world adoption was common and often adopted sons were held to a high esteem

A Level Religious Studies (6 decks)

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