1.1 Patient Monitoring

Question 1

What is Pharmaceutical Care

Answer 1

responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life

Question 2

What is Patient Centered Care

Answer 2

Provide care that is respectful and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs and values, Vital to promote safe and quality healthcare delivery

Question 3

Roles of Pharmacist in Patient Centered Care

Answer 3

• Establishing a professional relationship with patient
• Gathering relevant and accurate patient information
• Evaluating patient information and develop a treatment plan
• Ensuring patient is well informed on disease and the medications
• Reviews, the therapeutic plan as necessary, in concert with the patient and healthcare team

Question 4

What is Desirable Patient Outcome

Answer 4

• Prevention of disease or symptom
• Cure of disease
• Reduction or elimination of symptoms
• Arresting or slowing of a disease process

Question 5

UnDesirable Patient Outcomes

Answer 5

Inappropriate prescribing, delivery behaviour by the patient, monitoring and Patient idiosyncrasy

Question 6

What are the aims of Clinical Monitoring

Answer 6

Appropriate drug selection and dosage to avoid for interactions, therapeutic duplications, allergies and ADRs

Question 7

What is the Drug Regimen Review ensures

Answer 7

the patient receives safe and appropriate drug therapy

Question 8

Drug Regimen Review: what are few things to assess

Answer 8

Allergies/intolerances, Interactions, Inappropriate dosing regimen, Untreated indications and Duplication of therapy

Question 9

Drug Regimen Review: What are the Patient Specific Variable

Answer 9

Current medications, Allergies and intolerances, Age, Gender, Race, Weight, height and Concurrent diseases

Question 10

Drug Regimen Review: Source of Information

Answer 10

Medical history record/history form, Interview with patient and/or carer, Medication profile and other healthcare professionals

Question 11

Drug Regimen Review: Questions to Ask to Identify Drug Related Problem

Answer 11

Is drug treatment indicated? Is the medication prescribed the drug of choice? Is the dose schedule appropriate? Does the patient have any contraindication to the use of the drug?

Question 12

Medication Reconciliation: Step 1

Answer 12

Obtain a best possible medication history

Question 13

Medication Reconciliation: Step 2

Answer 13

Confirm the accuracy of the history

Question 14

Medication Reconciliation: Step 3

Answer 14

Reconcile the history with prescribed medicines

Question 15

Medication Reconciliation: Step 3

Answer 15

Supply accurate medicines information

Question 16

Drug Related Problems: Drug Selection

Answer 16

Duplication, interaction, wrong drug, incorrect strength, inappropriate dosage form, contraindication, no indication

Question 17

Drug Related Problems: Over/underdose prescribed

Answer 17

Dose too high/low, incorrect/ unclear dosing instruction, other dose problem

Question 18

Drug Related Problems: Compliance

Answer 18

Under/Over use, erratic use, intentional drug misuse, difficulty with a dosage form

Question 19

Drug Related Problems: Under treatment

Answer 19

Condition undertreated, condition untreated, preventive therapy required

Question 20

Drug Related Problems: Monitoring

Answer 20

Laboratory monitoring, non laboratory monitoring, other monitoring problem

Question 21

Drug Related Problems: Education/ Information

Answer 21

Drug information, disease management advice

Question 22

Drug Related Problems: Non classifiable

Answer 22

Interventions that cannot be classified under another category

Question 23

Drug Related Problems: Toxicity/ Adverse Reaction

Answer 23

Toxicity, allergic reaction or adverse effect present

Question 24

What does Medication Administration help with

Answer 24

helps patient’s establish a useful medication schedule and employ proper administration techniques

Question 25

Medication Administration: Things to assess

Answer 25

Patient’s understanding of proper administration techniques and dosing schedule, Extent of compliance with administration procedures and dosing schedule

Question 26

Medication Administration: Patient Specific Variable to Consider

Answer 26

Individual patient characteristics, patient acceptance, patient daily routine (eating, sleeping, work, school)

Question 27

Medication Administration: Source of Information

Answer 27

Patient AND/OR, Carer

Question 28

Medication Administration: Questions to Ask

Answer 28

Demonstrate understanding of dosage schedule and Demonstrate administration techniques

Question 29

What does Adherence Issues reduce

Answer 29

Reduces logistical barriers to the patient obtaining and taking the medication, including compliance with non drug therapy

Question 30

Adherence Issues: Things to assess

Answer 30

Patient’s understanding of the role of the drug in disease management, Likelihood of patient adherence with the regimen / Extent and patterns of non-adherence

Question 31

Consumer Adherence Assessment Tool: Some questions

Answer 31

Would you like to know more about your medicines and medical conditions? Do you sometimes forget to take your medicines? Did you take your medicine yesterday? Do you feel that your medicines are causing unwanted effects?

Question 32

Adherence Issues: Types

Answer 32

Unfilled prescriptions, Incorrect dose, incorrect use of device, wrong time of adminstration, incorrect frequency of dosing, stopping tx sooner than recommended

Question 33

Adherence Issues: Source of Information

Answer 33

Refill dates on medication profile, Tablet counts, Dose counter on inhaler device, Patient’s self-assessment of adherence

Question 34

Symptomatology aims to...

Answer 34

Recognise signs/symptoms which are consistent with: Desirable therapeutic response, Therapeutic failure, Drug toxicity and Sequelae of disease under-treatment

Question 35

Symptomatology: Things to assess

Answer 35

Symptoms of therapeutic response or failure, Overt symptoms of exacerbation of disease and Appearance of other symptoms

Question 36

Symptomatology: Source of Information

Answer 36

Patient/carer interviews, Physical appearance of the patient and Physical assessment

Question 37

Efficacy of Drug Therapy aims to...

Answer 37

obtain evidence that the drug has been good, bad or indifferent

Question 38

Efficacy of Drug Therapy: Things to assess

Answer 38

Physical and laboratory therapeutic indicators, Level of adherence

Question 39

Efficacy of Drug Therapy: Patient specific variables

Answer 39

time of last medication dose, time of last food and/or drink ingestion and physical position of the patient

Question 40

Efficacy of Drug Therapy: Source of information

Answer 40

Patient/carer interviews, Patient’s physical appearance, Patient’s report of self-monitoring results