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South College Human Anatomy 2 > 1.1 Osteology and Arthrology of the Head > Flashcards

1.1 Osteology and Arthrology of the Head Flashcards

1
Q

Orbitomeatal plane

A

Inferior margin of orbit and superior margin of ext acoustic meatus in same horizontal plane

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2
Q

Parts of the cranium

A
  • Neurocramium

- Viscerocranium

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3
Q

Neurocramium

A
  • AKA cranial vault

- Bony base of the brain and meninges

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4
Q

What does the neurocranium contain?

A

Parts of cranial nerves and cranial vasculature

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5
Q

Parts of neurocranium

A
  • Calvaria –> skullcap

- Cranial base –> floor (basicranium)

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6
Q

Bones of neurocranium

A
  • Frontal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
  • Occipital
  • Temporal (bilateral)
  • Parietal (bilateral)
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7
Q

Viscerocranium

A

Facial skeleton

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8
Q

Bones of viscerocranium

A 
Midline
- Mandible
- Ethmoid
- Vomer
Paired
- Maxilla
- Inferior nasal concha
- Zygomatic
- Palatine
- Nasal
- Lacrimal
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9
Q

What kind of joint is the temporomandibular joint?

A

Modified hinge synovial joint

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10
Q

Why is the TMJ considered a modified hinge joint?

A

Articular surfaces are covered by fibrocartilage instead of hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the TMJ?

A
  • Head of mandible
  • Articular tubercle of temporal bone
  • Mandibular fossa
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12
Q

What does the articular disc do?

A
  • Divides cavity into 2 separate synovial compartments

- Anterior and posterior bands make the disc biconcave

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13
Q

Describe the joint capsule of the TMJ

A

Loose

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14
Q

Where does the fibrous layer of the capsule of the TMJ attach?

A
  • Margins of the articular area on temporal bone

- Around neck of mandible

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15
Q

What are the ligaments of the TMJ?

A
  • Lateral ligament
  • Stylomandibular ligament
  • Sphenomandibular ligament
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16
Q

Which TMJ ligaments are instrinsic?

A

Lateral ligament (AKA temporomandibular l.)

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17
Q

Which TMJ ligaments are extrinsic?

A
  • Stylomandibular ligament

- Sphenomandibular ligament

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18
Q

What does the lateral ligament do?

A
  • Strengthen TMJ laterally

- Prevent posterior dislocation (along w/ postglenoid tubercle)

19
Q

What is continuous with the lateral ligament?

A

The thick part of the TMJ joint capsule

20
Q

What does the stylomandibular ligament do?

A

DOES NOT contribute significantly to strength of TMJ

21
Q

Where does the sylomandibular ligament attach?

A
  • Thickening of parotid gland

- Styloid process to angle of mandible

22
Q

What does the sphenomandibular ligament do?

A
  • Primary passive support

- “Swing rope” of mandible

23
Q

Where does the sphenomandibular ligament attach?

A

Spine of sphenoid → lingula of mandible

24
Q

Movements of the TMJ

A
  • Elevation/Depression
  • Protrusion/Retrusion
  • Lateral movements
25
Q

What muscles perform elevation?

A

Temporalis
Massester
Medial pterygoid

26
Q

What muscles perform depression?

A

Lateral pterygoid
Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid

27
Q

What muscles perform protrusion?

A

Lateral pterygoid
Masseter
Medial pterygoid

28
Q

What muscles perform retrusion?

A

Temporalis

Masseter

29
Q

What muscles perform lateral jaw movements?

A

Temporalis of same side
Pterygoids of opposite side
Masseter

30
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of the TMJ in the superior articular cavity

A

Depression- mandibular anterior translation

Protrusion- bilateral anterior translation

31
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of the TMJ in the inferior articular cavity

A

Depression- mandibular rotation

32
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of the TMJ during lateral deviation

A

Contralateral side: anteromedial translation

Ipsilateral side: Posterior translation and rotation

33
Q

What are common fractures of the cranium?

A
  • Depressed fractures
  • Comminuted fractures
  • Linear calvarial fractures
  • Contrecoup (counterblow) fracture
  • Basilar fracture
  • Pterion fracture
34
Q

Depressed fractures

A
  • Fragment of bone is depressed inward

- Compresses/injures the brain

35
Q

Comminuted fractures

A

Bone broken into several pieces

36
Q

Linear calvarial fractures

A
  • Most frequent type
  • Occurs at point of impact
  • Fracture lines radiate away in 2+ directions
37
Q

Contrecoup (counterblow) fracture

A

Fracture occurs on the opposite side of cranium

38
Q

Basilar fracture

A
  • Involves bones forming base of skull
  • CSF may leak into the nose and ear
  • CN and blood vessel injury may occur
39
Q

Pterion fracture

A
  • Can be life-threatening
  • Results from hard blow to side of the head
  • Vessels may burst, putting pressure on cranium
40
Q

What causes dislocation of the TMJ?

A

Excessive contraction of lateral pterygoids may cause mandible heads to dislocate anterior to the articular tubercles

41
Q

What is the effect of a dislocation of the TMJ?

A

Cannot close the mouth

42
Q

What causes arthritis of the TMJ?

A

Inflammation from degenerative arthritis

43
Q

What is the effect of arthritis of the TMJ?

A

May result in dental occlusion and joint clicking (from delayed anterior disc movement)

South College Human Anatomy 2 (3 decks)

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