1.1 Keeping Healthy Flashcards
What does the body use carbohydrates for?
To release energy
What does the body use fats for?
To release energy and keep the body warm
What does the body use protein for?
Growth, cell repair and cell replacement
What does the body use fibre for?
To keep the digestive system running smoothly
What does the body use vitamins and minerals for?
To keep skin, bones, blood and everything else healthy
When does a person gain/lose mass?
When the energy intake is greater/lesser than the energy expended by the body
What is the metabolic rate?
The rate at which all the reactions in the cells of the body takes place
What affects the metabolic rate?
- The amount of exercise you do
- Proportion of muscle to fat in your body
- Genes
What are pathogens?
A microorganism that causes infectious diseases
Describe bacteria (4)
- 1/100th the size of a body cell
- Reproduce rapidly inside our body
- Damage our cells
- Release toxins
Describe viruses (4)
- Not cells
- 1/100th the size of a bacterium
- Replicate themselves by invading cells and using the cells’ machinery
- Damage cells
What protects the body against pathogens? (6)
- White blood cells
- Vaccination
- Skin
- Mucus
- Hairs
- Platelets
How do white blood cells protect us against pathogens? (3)
Ingesting the pathogens. Producing antibodies. Producing antitoxins
How do white blood cells ingest pathogens?
They engulf them and digest them
How do antibodies protect against pathogens?
When a white blood cell comes into contact with a foreign antigen, they produce proteins called antibodies that can kill the pathogens. The antibodies are specifically made to kill the specific pathogen. Once antibodies have been made against a pathogen, they can be made quickly next time, therefore we are immune to that pathogen
How do antitoxins protect us against pathogens?
They counteract the toxins produced by invading bacteria
What is an antigen?
Unique molecules on the surface of pathogens
How do vaccinations protect us against pathogens?
A dead or inactive microorganism is injected into the body. The white blood cells learn how to protect against that antigen. If we are infected by that pathogen in the future, the white blood cells can quickly produce antibodies to kill the pathogen.
What does the MMR vaccine protect against?
Measles, mumps and rubella
What did Semmelweis do?
He insisted doctors washed their hand with anitseptic in Vienna General Hospital. This greatly reduced the death rate of infectious diseases
What’s the difference between painkillers and antibiotics?
Painkillers remove the symptons. Antibiotics kill bacteria
Why can’t antibiotics kill viruses?
Viruses live and reproduce inside our cells
What is causing the increase in antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria?
The overuse and inappropiate use of antibiotics.
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
They mutate which makes them resistant to the antibiotic, they survive and reproduce better so the population of bacteria with the resistant gene increases
