1.1 Introduction to Parasitology

Question 1

inability to synthesize certain cellular components or loss of metabolic processes common to free-living organisms

Answer 1

Streamlining

Question 2

occurs when the already infected individual is further infected with the same species leading to massive infection of the parasite

Answer 2

Hyper-infection /Super-infection

Question 3

ex. Humans to Taenia and Ascaris; mosquito to malaria

Answer 3

Definitive host

Question 4

area of biology concerned with the dependence of one organism to another

Answer 4

Parasitology

Question 4

may exist in a free-living state or may become parasitic when the need arises

Answer 4

Facultative

Question 5

concerned with the parasites of humans and their medical significance and importance in human communities

Answer 5

Medical parasitology

Question 5

ex. Cattle and pig for Taenia; Snails for Schistosoma

Answer 5

Intermediate host

Question 6

e.g. Ascaris infection becomes so gravid that they find other source of nutrition aside from the intestines like the mouth, ears, nose etc

Answer 6

Erratic

Question 8

two organisms mutually benefit from each other

Answer 8

Mutualism

Question 9

period between infection or acquisition of the parasite and the evidence or demonstration of infection

Answer 9

Pre-patent Period

Question 10

also known as biologic incubation period

Answer 10

Pre-patent Period

Question 10

highly specialized organs of attachment that anchors parasite inside host and facilitates tissue migration of parasite

Answer 10

Hooks and Suckers

Question 11

period between infection and evidence of symptoms

Answer 11

Incubation period

Question 12

occurs when an individual becomes his own direct source of infection

Answer 12

Auto- infection

Question 13

larva develops in the host but the adult may be free-living

Answer 13

Transitory

Question 13

causes changes in the molecular biology, biochemistry, and structure of parasite

Answer 13

Adaptation

Question 15

relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not harmed or benefitted

Answer 15

Commensalism

Question 15

complete set of male and female organs capable of producing thousands of ova

Answer 15

Hemaphroditic Reproduction

Question 16

where parasite harbors asexual/larval stage or asexual phase of the life cycle of the parasite

Answer 16

Intermediate host

Question 17

Ex. Flies and cockroaches – feed on fecal material and may carry enteric organisms

Answer 17

Mechanical Vector (Phoretic Vector)

Question 18

living together of unlike organisms, involves the protection or other advantages to 1 or both

Answer 18

Symbiosis

Question 20

needs the host to live or to survive

Answer 20

Obligate

Question 21

where the parasites life cycle continues and become additional source of human infection.

Answer 21

Reservoir host

Question 23

the whole life cycle occurs in the host

Answer 23

Permanent

Question 24

found in tegument used for nutrient acquisition of Cestodes and Trematodes

Answer 24

Microvilli

Question 26

visits the host only during feeding time

Answer 26

Intermittent

Question 27

where parasite achieves sexual maturity or reaches its adult stage in its life cycle

Answer 27

Definitive host

Question 29

harbors a pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms

Answer 29

Carrier

Question 29

process of inoculating an infective agent

Answer 29

Exposure

Question 30

connotes the establishment of the infecting agent in the host

Answer 30

Infection

Question 31

e.g. Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) – familial disease; infection may occur through hand-to-mouth transmission o Infective eggs may end up in the hands by scratching the perianal areas where the gravid females lay their eggs

Answer 31

Auto- infection

Question 32

found in Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites & absent in commensal Entamoeba coli

Answer 32

Cysteine Proteinases

Question 33

TYPES OF HOSTS

Answer 33

1. Definitive host 2. Intermediate host 3. Reservoir host 4. Paratenic host

Question 34

ex. Pigs to Balantidium, field rats to Paragonimus, cats to Brugia malayi

Answer 34

Reservoir host

Question 35

Establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinarily live

Answer 35

Incidental

Question 36

Transmit the parasite only after the latter has completed its development within the host.

Answer 36

Biologic Vector