1.1 Intro

Question 1

…1.. loss of a …2.. variety of molecules in urine enables the control of their …3…. in …4…. Fluids

Answer 1

1 = variable
2 = wide
3 = concentrations
4 = body

Question 2

What does the urinary system consist of and what are their function ?

Answer 2

• kidneys = produce urine
• ureters = transport urine from kidneys
• urinary bladder = temporary storage for urine
• urethra = urine is periodically discharged to outside world

Question 3

What does the urinary system consist of and what are their function ?

Answer 3

• kidneys = produce urine
• ureters = transport urine from kidneys
• urinary bladder = temporary storage for urine
• urethra = urine is periodically discharged to outside world

Question 4

Human body is about 60% water how is it divided into compartments ?

Answer 4

• intracellular & extracellular compartments
• extracellular compartments further divided into interstitial fluid between cells and circulating plasma in blood vessels

Question 5

Exchange of substances between the intracellular and extracellular compartments occurs across what ?

Answer 5

Cell membranes through controlled active and passive processes

Question 6

Provided the extracellular fluid composition is maintained within limits, what is the intracellular fluid composition controlled to be ?

Answer 6

Optimum for metabolic processes

Question 7

What’s the main cation (+vely charged ion) in intracellular & extracellular fluid ?

Answer 7

Intracellular = potassium
Extracellular = sodium

Question 8

Within cells, a lot of negative charge is borne on proteins, with the main other anions (-vely charged ions) being what ?

Answer 8

Chloride
Hydrogen carbonate

Question 9

Interstitial fluid ….