11 - Intelligence Flashcards
Francis Glalton measured intelligence as_
a product of sensorimotor abilities (height, weight, breathing power, hearing, visual acuity, etc.)
Alfred Binet measured _ as a measure of intelligence?
mental age
*mental age/chronological age
*memory, attention, imagination, comprehension
define IQ
intelligence quotient
how many sensorimotor traits did Galton measure?
up to 17
intelligence today isn’t calculated as a quotient, and is now called the _
Standard Binet Intelligence Test
define the WAIS
Westerns Adult Intelligence Scale
describe the WAIS IQ test
- wide variety of questions, some require you to knwo basic facts about world through general knowledge
- some require math
- some require mental imager/rotation
*holistic way of studying intelligence
*written in ENGLISH
which measure of IQ is non-verbal
Raven’s Progressive Matrices
describe Raven’s progressive matrices test
- non-verbal, don’t need a certain language
- mostly pattern recognition
- can look at broader age ranges, disability, language deficits
define reliability as it pertains to IQ tests
the consistency of a measure
*test-retest reliability
- should have pretty similar intelligence through life
- shouldn’t drastically change IQ between tests
define validity as it pertains to intelligence tests
whether a test measures what it is intended to measure
*predictive validity
- IQ scores should be correlated with better academic performance/problem solving etc.
should IQ be perfectly predictive of better academic performance/problem solving etc.?
no, IQ is just 1 determinant of how you behave in different scenarios
define general intelligence
a capacity that provides an advantage on virtually any mental task
what does a high general intelligence score mean?
if you score high on g, the probability that you will score high on every other outcome that requires the use of your brain is high
who discovered general intelligence?
Carl Pearson’s work, developed factor analysis which led him to recognize that if you score high on one subject you should be higher on another
list the subcomponents of general intelligence (5 ways to conceptualize intelligence)
linguistic ability, numerical ability, spatial ability, ability to handle fast-paced tasks, ability to memorize new material
what correlations do we see between specialized abilities (1 step down from subcomponents)
high correlations within clusters, moderate between clusters
define fluid intelligence
the ability to deal with novel problems
define crystallized intelligence
acquired knowledge
*through life
tests of vocabulary are measures of _. what happens to this as you age?
crystallized knowledge, increases
ability to perform speeded tasks is what measure of intelligence? what happens to this as you get older?
fluid intelligence, decline
ability to engage in reasoning ability is what measure of intelligence? what happens to this as you get older?
fluid, decreases
ability to use working memory is what measure of intelligence? what happens to this as you get older?
fluid, decreases
when does fluid intelligence peak?
teenage years
define practical intelligence
“street-smart” reasoning needed in day-to-day settings
- thinking on the fly
- analytical/practical/creative in problem solving
define rationality
the capacity for critically assessing information as it is gathered in the natural environment
- comes out best when you see situations with rationality and intelligence diverging
define emotional intelligence
ability to understand own emotions, other’s emotions, and control own emotions when appropriate
what is emotional intelligence predictive of?
- performance in workplace
- how you contribute to workplace morale/environment/work with colleagues
- less conflict with peers, better in leadership, more caring and supportive, better academically
what are intelligence types already assessed in standard IQ tests?
linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial intelligences
what are intelligence types not assessed in tradional IQ tests?
musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic
name the 2 mechanisms of intelligence
faster processing speed & better executive control
describe faster processing speed as a mechanism of intelligence
- the time one needs to make a discrimination between 2 stimuli
- negatively correlated with intelligence scores
- less time for info to travel through brain
describe better executive control as a mechanism of intelligence
- working memory capacity is positively correlated with general intelligence
- aka dynamic use of info
how do genetics and environment impact intelligence?
- both affect intelligence
*twins raised together and in different environments both have strong correltation - intelligence seems to improve when one is adopted into wealthy/loving home
define the flynn effect
scores of intelligence testshave risen approximately 3 points per decade over the last few decades
- IQ average always 100 but raw scores show we’re getting smarter (some evidence suggest downward trend in past couple years)
- observed widely
- cannot be explained genetically (too fast for evolution)
define stereotype threat
negative impact of social stereotypes, once activated, on task performance
what group difference should we consider when looking at IQ scores?
- racial differences (history of IQ tests, racism, division) *stereotype threat
how can stereotype threat affect your performance?
if you say someone is worse/bad at something they will hear it and start believing it
*self-fulfilling prophecy
