11 - Intelligence

Question 1

Francis Glalton measured intelligence as_

Answer 1

a product of sensorimotor abilities (height, weight, breathing power, hearing, visual acuity, etc.)

Question 2

Alfred Binet measured _ as a measure of intelligence?

Answer 2

mental age
*mental age/chronological age
*memory, attention, imagination, comprehension

Question 3

define IQ

Answer 3

intelligence quotient

Question 4

how many sensorimotor traits did Galton measure?

Answer 4

up to 17

Question 5

intelligence today isn’t calculated as a quotient, and is now called the _

Answer 5

Standard Binet Intelligence Test

Question 6

define the WAIS

Answer 6

Westerns Adult Intelligence Scale

Question 7

describe the WAIS IQ test

Answer 7

• wide variety of questions, some require you to knwo basic facts about world through general knowledge
• some require math
• some require mental imager/rotation
  *holistic way of studying intelligence
  *written in ENGLISH

Question 8

which measure of IQ is non-verbal

Answer 8

Raven’s Progressive Matrices

Question 9

describe Raven’s progressive matrices test

Answer 9

• non-verbal, don’t need a certain language
• mostly pattern recognition
• can look at broader age ranges, disability, language deficits

Question 10

define reliability as it pertains to IQ tests

Answer 10

the consistency of a measure
*test-retest reliability
- should have pretty similar intelligence through life
- shouldn’t drastically change IQ between tests

Question 11

define validity as it pertains to intelligence tests

Answer 11

whether a test measures what it is intended to measure
*predictive validity
- IQ scores should be correlated with better academic performance/problem solving etc.

Question 12

should IQ be perfectly predictive of better academic performance/problem solving etc.?

Answer 12

no, IQ is just 1 determinant of how you behave in different scenarios

Question 13

define general intelligence

Answer 13

a capacity that provides an advantage on virtually any mental task

Question 14

what does a high general intelligence score mean?

Answer 14

if you score high on g, the probability that you will score high on every other outcome that requires the use of your brain is high

Question 15

who discovered general intelligence?

Answer 15

Carl Pearson’s work, developed factor analysis which led him to recognize that if you score high on one subject you should be higher on another

Question 16

list the subcomponents of general intelligence (5 ways to conceptualize intelligence)

Answer 16

linguistic ability, numerical ability, spatial ability, ability to handle fast-paced tasks, ability to memorize new material

Question 17

what correlations do we see between specialized abilities (1 step down from subcomponents)

Answer 17

high correlations within clusters, moderate between clusters

Question 18

define fluid intelligence

Answer 18

the ability to deal with novel problems

Question 19

define crystallized intelligence

Answer 19

acquired knowledge
*through life

Question 20

tests of vocabulary are measures of _. what happens to this as you age?

Answer 20

crystallized knowledge, increases

Question 21

ability to perform speeded tasks is what measure of intelligence? what happens to this as you get older?

Answer 21

fluid intelligence, decline

Question 22

ability to engage in reasoning ability is what measure of intelligence? what happens to this as you get older?

Answer 22

fluid, decreases

Question 23

ability to use working memory is what measure of intelligence? what happens to this as you get older?

Answer 23

fluid, decreases

Question 24

when does fluid intelligence peak?

Answer 24

teenage years

Question 25

define practical intelligence

Answer 25

“street-smart” reasoning needed in day-to-day settings
- thinking on the fly
- analytical/practical/creative in problem solving

Question 26

define rationality

Answer 26

the capacity for critically assessing information as it is gathered in the natural environment
- comes out best when you see situations with rationality and intelligence diverging

Question 27

define emotional intelligence

Answer 27

ability to understand own emotions, other’s emotions, and control own emotions when appropriate

Question 28

what is emotional intelligence predictive of?

Answer 28

• performance in workplace
• how you contribute to workplace morale/environment/work with colleagues
• less conflict with peers, better in leadership, more caring and supportive, better academically

Question 29

what are intelligence types already assessed in standard IQ tests?

Answer 29

linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial intelligences

Question 30

what are intelligence types not assessed in tradional IQ tests?

Answer 30

musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic

Question 31

name the 2 mechanisms of intelligence

Answer 31

faster processing speed & better executive control

Question 32

describe faster processing speed as a mechanism of intelligence

Answer 32

• the time one needs to make a discrimination between 2 stimuli
• negatively correlated with intelligence scores
• less time for info to travel through brain

Question 33

describe better executive control as a mechanism of intelligence

Answer 33

• working memory capacity is positively correlated with general intelligence
• aka dynamic use of info

Question 34

how do genetics and environment impact intelligence?

Answer 34

• both affect intelligence
  *twins raised together and in different environments both have strong correltation
• intelligence seems to improve when one is adopted into wealthy/loving home

Question 35

define the flynn effect

Answer 35

scores of intelligence testshave risen approximately 3 points per decade over the last few decades
- IQ average always 100 but raw scores show we’re getting smarter (some evidence suggest downward trend in past couple years)
- observed widely
- cannot be explained genetically (too fast for evolution)

Question 36

define stereotype threat

Answer 36

negative impact of social stereotypes, once activated, on task performance

Question 37

what group difference should we consider when looking at IQ scores?

Answer 37

• racial differences (history of IQ tests, racism, division) *stereotype threat

Question 38

how can stereotype threat affect your performance?

Answer 38

if you say someone is worse/bad at something they will hear it and start believing it
*self-fulfilling prophecy