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Chemistry > 1.1 - Hydrocarbons > Flashcards

1.1 - Hydrocarbons Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the differences between organic and inorganic compounds?

A

A compound containing the element carbon is known as an organic compound while a compound that doesn’t contain carbon is known as inorganic.

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2
Q

Give examples of organic compounds:

A

Organic compounds: C2H6, C3H6O, C3H7ON

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3
Q

Give examples of inorganic compounds:

A

Inorganic compounds: FeO, CaS, H2O

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4
Q

Explain why carbon forms many compounds?

A

A carbon atom has four valence electrons, therefore, can form four covalent bonds with atoms of carbon or with other elements. The four available bonding sites also allow carbon to form single, double, and triple bonds with other atoms, producing chain and ring structures.

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5
Q

Describe how organic compounds are represented?

A

An organic compound can be represented in four ways: chemical formula (molecular formula), structural formula, ball-and-stick model, and space-filling model.

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6
Q

Define a hydrocarbon?

A

A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen.

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7
Q

Give examples of hydrocarbon?

A

For example, CH4 is a hydrocarbon because it contains carbon and hydrogen only whereas C3H6O is not a hydrocarbon because it contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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8
Q

From the list below, circle all compounds that are NOT hydrocarbons: C2H5OH C9H20 CH3CO2OH CH4 C3H9N C3H7ON

A

C2H5OH CH3CO2OH C3H9N C3H7ON

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9
Q

The prefix Meth-in the root of the hydrocarbon’s name indicates the presence of ______ carbon atoms in the compound.

A

1

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10
Q

What is the number of carbon atoms indicated with the prefix (Eth)?

A

2

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11
Q

The prefix Prop-in the root of the hydrocarbon’s name indicates the presence of ______ carbon atoms in the compound.

A

3

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12
Q

What is the number of carbon atoms indicated with the prefix (But)?

A

4

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13
Q

The prefix Pent-in the root of the hydrocarbon’s name indicates the presence of ______ carbon atoms in the compound?

A

5

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14
Q

What is the number of carbon atoms indicated with the prefix (Hex)?

A

6

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15
Q

The prefix Hept-in the root of the hydrocarbon’s name indicates the presence of ______ carbon atoms in the compound.

A

7

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16
Q

What is the number of carbon atoms indicated with the prefix (Oct)?

A

8

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17
Q

Describe the relationship between the length of a hydrocarbon and its boiling point?

A

The length of the carbon chain affects the properties of the hydrocarbon. For example, the longer the chain is, the higher the boiling point of the compound.

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18
Q

Define single covalent bonds?

A

A single covalent bond is a bond in which one pair of electrons (2 electrons) is shared between two atoms.

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19
Q

Define double covalent bonds?

A

A double covalent bond is a bond in which two pairs of electrons (4 electrons) are shared between two atoms.

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20
Q

Define triple covalent bonds?

A

A triple covalent bond is a bond in which three pairs of electrons (6 electrons) are shared between two atoms.

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21
Q

Explain the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

A saturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds. Each carbon is bonded to four other atoms. An unsaturated hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon that contains at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms. When there is a double bond, the carbon atom is bonded to three other atoms. When there is a triple bond, the carbon atom is bonded to two other atoms

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22
Q

Give examples of saturated hydrocarbons?

A

CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10

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23
Q

Give examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

C2H6 C2H2

24
Q

Which statement(s) is/are correct about an unsaturated hydrocarbon? 1) Contains only single bonds. 2) Each carbon is bonded to other four atoms. 3) Contains at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms.

A

Statement 3 only. (Contains at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms)

25
Q

Which statement(s) is/are correct about saturated hydrocarbons? 1) Contains only single bonds. 2) Each carbon is bonded to other four atoms. 3) Contains at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms.

A

Statements 1 and 2 only. (Contains only single bonds) (Each carbon is bonded to other four atoms)

26
Q

In a hydrocarbon that contains a single bond, the carbon atom is bonded to how many other atoms?

A

Each carbon atom is bonded to other 4 atoms.

27
Q

In a hydrocarbon that contains a double bond, the carbon atom is bonded to how many other atoms?

A

Each carbon atom is bonded to other 2 atoms.

28
Q

In a hydrocarbon that contains a triple bond, the carbon atom is bonded to how many other atoms?

A

Each carbon atom is bonded to another 1 atom. Total of 2 atoms.

29
Q

Define alkanes and explain their structure?

A

An alkane is a hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds between the carbon atoms, therefore, an alkane is a saturated hydrocarbon.

30
Q

Define alkenes and explain their structure?

A

An alkene is a hydrocarbon that contains at least one double bond between two carbon atoms, therefore, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

31
Q

Define alkynes and explain their structure?

A

An alkyne is a hydrocarbon that contains at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms, therefore, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

32
Q

Identify the general formula and molecular formula for alkanes?

A

General formula: CnH2n+2 Example of Molecular formula: C4H10

33
Q

Identify the general formula and molecular formula for alkenes?

A

General formula: CnH2n Example of Molecular formula: C4H8

34
Q

Identify the general formula and molecular formula for alkynes

A

General formula: CnH2n-2 Example of Molecular formula: C4H6

35
Q

Describe the Chemical formula, Structural formula, Type of bonds, Number of atoms, and Uses of Ethane?

A

Chemical formula: C2H6 Type of bonds: - One single bond between the two carbon atoms C-C - 6 single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms C-H Number of atoms: 8: 2 C and 6 H Uses: As a fuel.

36
Q

Describe the Chemical formula, Structural formula, Type of bonds, Number of atoms, and Uses of Ethene (ethylene)?

A

Chemical formula: C2H4 Type of bonds: - One double bond between the two carbon atoms C-C - 4 single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms C-H Number of atoms: 6: 2 C and 4 H Uses: - Ripening agents in many fruits. - To make polyethylene, which is used to make plastic products.

37
Q

Describe the Chemical formula, Structural formula, Type of bonds, Number of atoms, and Uses of Ethyne (acetylene)?

A

Chemical formula: C2H2 Type of bonds: - One triple bond between the two carbon atoms CC - 2 single bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms C-H Number of atoms: 4: 2 C and 2 H Uses: In some welding torches.

38
Q

Define isomers and write all possible isomers for different alkanes up to 6-carbon atoms?

A

Isomers are compounds that have the same chemical formulas but different molecular structures and shapes Because atoms in isomers are bonded in different orders, isomers have different chemical reactivity and different physical properties

39
Q

Complete the following table by placing a tick (√) if the statement is correct and a cross (X) if it is wrong and correct it: 1) In isomers, the atoms are joined together differently 2) Isomers are compounds that have the same chemical formula 3) Atoms in isomers are bonded in the same orders 4) There are only two isomers of any hydrocarbon 5) Isomers have different chemical properties but similar physical properties

A

Correct: 1) In isomers, the atoms are joined together differently 2) Isomers are compounds that have the same chemical formula Incorrect: 3) Atoms in isomers are bonded in the same orders 4) There are only two isomers of any hydrocarbon 5) Isomers have different chemical properties but similar physical properties

40
Q

Draw and name all possible isomers for each of the following alkanes: 1) CH4 2) C2H6 3) C3H8 4) C4H10

A

Number of possible isomers for CH4: (1) Name: Methane Number of possible isomers for C2H6 : (1) Name: Ethane Number of possible isomers for C3H8 : (1) Name: Propane Number of possible isomers for C4H10 : (2) Names: Butane and Isobutane

41
Q

Draw all possible isomers with the formula C5H12

A

Answer in Page 11 of the instructional guide (Question 3)

42
Q

Define geometrical isomers (cis- and trans-isomers) and name/draw the cis− and trans− isomers for 2-butene

A

Geometrical isomers are molecules in which the atoms are joined in the same order, but the positions of the atoms in space are different The most common example of cis-trans isomers occurs in molecules with double bonds Cis isomers have the largest groups on the carbons in the double bond on the same side of the bond while in trans isomers they are on opposite sides Cis-trans isomers have different physical and chemical properties

43
Q

Complete the table below by placing a tick if the statement is correct and a cross if it is wrong: 1) In geometrical isomers, the atoms are joined together differently 2) Cis-trans isomers have different chemical properties 3) Geometrical isomers have the same molecular formula 4) Cis-trans isomers have the same physical properties 5) Atoms in geometrical isomers are bonded in the same orders 6) In geometrical isomers, the positions of the atoms in space are different 7) Cis isomers have the largest groups on the carbons in the double bond on opposite sides of the double bond

A

Correct: 2) Cis-trans isomers have different chemical properties 3) Geometrical isomers have the same molecular formula 5) Atoms in geometrical isomers are bonded in the same orders 6) In geometrical isomers, the positions of the atoms in space are different Incorrect: 1) In geometrical isomers, the atoms are joined together differently 4) Cis-trans isomers have the same physical properties 7) Cis isomers have the largest groups on the carbons in the double bond on opposite sides of the double bond

44
Q

Draw the geometrical isomers: 1) cis-2-butene 2) trans-2-butene

A

Answer in Page 12 of the instructional guide (Question 2)

45
Q

What are cyclic hydrocarbons?

A

In addition to straight chains, carbon can form rings. The name of a hydrocarbon containing a ring starts with the prefix cyclo- which means circular. Cyclic hydrocarbons can contain only single bonds, double bonds, or triple bonds.

46
Q

Give examples of cyclic hydrocarbons:

A

1) Cyclopropane 2) Cyclopentene 3) Cyclooctyne

47
Q

Cyclobutane is a cyclic, saturated hydrocarbon containing four carbon atoms. Draw its structural formula. Are cyclobutane and butane isomers? Explain your answer

A

Isomers are compounds that have identical chemical formulas. Since cyclobutane (C4H8) and butane (C4H10) have different formulas, they are not isomers. (The structural formula is on Page 13 of the instructional guide)

48
Q

Describe the structure of benzene?

A

Benzene (C6H6) is a cyclic hydrocarbon with carbon atoms that are joined with alternating single and double bonds. The electrons in the double bonds are shared by all six carbon atoms in the ring. The equal sharing of these six electrons causes the benzene molecule to be very stable. Benzene rings can fuse together, like in naphthalene which has a distinct odor and is used in mothballs.

49
Q

In a saturated hydrocarbon, each carbon atoms forms ______ covalent bond(s)

A

four single bonds

50
Q

Which of the following is NOT an organic compound? A) CaS B) CH4 C) C2H6 D) C3H6O E) C3H7ON

A

A) CaS

51
Q

In a double covalent bond, _____ pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

A

2

52
Q

A(n) __________compound contains only single bonds.

A

Saturated

53
Q

The total number of covalent bonds that carbon can form is ____.

A

4

54
Q

Ethene, C2H2, is a(n) _______ hydrocarbon that contains a_______ bond.

A

unsaturated, double

55
Q

Which of the following compounds is a hydrocarbon? A) CH4 B) CH3OH C) C2H5OH D) CH3COOH E) CH3OH and CH3COOH

A

A) CH4

56
Q

A(n) _________ is a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only.

A

Hydrocarbon

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