1.1 Health and fitness Flashcards
What is the definition for health?
Complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease and infirmity
What is the definition for fitness?
The ability to meet / cope with the demands of the environment
What is the definition for atherosclerosis?
occurs when arteries harden and narrow as they become clogged by fatty deposits
What is the definition for atheroma?
a fatty deposit found in the inner lining of an artery
What is the definition for angina?
chest pain that occurs when blood supply through coronary arteries to muscles of heart is restricted
What is the definition for stroke volume?
the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle in each contraction
What is the definition for cardiac output?
the volume of blood pumped out of the heart ventricles per minute
How can high cholesterol lead to a stroke?
High cholesterol contributes to build up of deposits, plaques within blood vessels
Accumulate in coronary arteries - supply oxygen to heart
And in carotid arteries - supply oxygen to brain
Blockage prevent blood reaching brain
How can high cholesterol lead to a heart attack?
High cholesterol contributes to build up of deposits, plaques within blood vessels, causing a clot, making it harder for blood to flow through arteries
Coronary arteries blocked - heart wont have oxygen to contract and relax
How can exercise decrease chances of a stroke?
Increases blood flow to brain, preventing from being starved of oxygen
maintains strong vessels
decreases blood pressure preventing damage of vessel walls
healthy weight - no fatty deposits
How can exercise decrease chances of high cholesterol?
Helps increase amount of high-density lipoproteins and decreases amount of low-density lipoproteins
Prevents build up of deposits in blood vessels
How can exercise decrease chances of high blood pressure?
helps keep blood vessels flexible and prevent narrowing of vessels
pressure exerted by blood on walls of vessels is decreased
How can exercise decrease chances of heart disease?
keeps cardiac muscle strong and healthy.
Blood vessels remain flexible, allowing blood to pass easily through vessels
prevents arteriosclerosis
causes hypertrophy - stronger muscles
Name 3 sports that require good cardiovascular fitness
rowing
cycling
long distance running
What is the difference between maximal and sub-maximal intensity?
maximal - high intensity exercise
sub-maximal - repeated at lower intensity
