1.1 Hardware and Communication

Question 1

HTTP

Answer 1

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

Question 2

FTP

Answer 2

File transfer Protocol

Question 3

SMTP

Answer 3

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Question 4

IMAP

Answer 4

Internet Message Access Protocol

Question 5

DHCP

Answer 5

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Question 6

TCP

Answer 6

Transmission Control Protocol

Question 7

UDP

Answer 7

User Datagram Protocol

Question 8

IP Address

Answer 8

Internet Protocol Address

Question 9

Internet

Answer 9

A network of networks that uses the internet protocols TCP/IP to link devices together

Question 10

Handshaking

Answer 10

The agreement of protocols two devices will use to communicate, takes place through the transfer of a single byte of data

Question 11

Protocols

Answer 11

The set of rules that govern how devices communicate, it is not possible for two devices to communicate without having the same protocols

Question 12

Protocol stacks

Answer 12

When a packet is sent, there are many tasks that need to be completed before the packet arrives on time and whole. e.g. TCP/IP

Question 13

TCP/IP stack

Answer 13

Is the stack used in most modern network transmissions.

Question 14

What are the seven layers of TCP/IP stacks?

Answer 14

Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data link, Physical

Question 15

Give an example of something found on the Application layer?

Answer 15

HTTP or HTTPS or FTP

Question 16

Give an example of something found on the Presentation layer?

Answer 16

ASCII or Encryption or PNG or MIDI

Question 17

What happens in the Session layer?

Answer 17

Handshaking, e.g. Syn/Ack

Question 18

Give an example of something found on the Transport layer?

Answer 18

UDP or TCP

Question 19

What is found on the Network layer?

Answer 19

IP or routers

Question 20

What is found on the Data link layer?

Answer 20

MAC or switches

Question 21

What is found on the physical layer?

Answer 21

Cables

Question 22

What does CPU stand for?

Answer 22

Central Processing Unit

Question 23

What does the CPU do?

Answer 23

Carries out all mathematical and logical operations necessary to execute any given instruction.

Question 24

ALU

Answer 24

Arithmetic Logic Unit

Question 25

CU

Answer 25

Control Unit

Question 26

Name the five different registers?

Answer 26

Program counter Memory address register Memory data register Current instruction register Accumulator

Question 27

What does the ALU do?

Answer 27

The ALU is responsible for completing all calculation and logical operations.

Question 28

What does the CU do?

Answer 28

Manages the execution of machine code by sending signals to the rest of the computer. It synchronises instruction by using the processors internal clock.

Question 29

What does the Program Counter do?

Answer 29

The program counter stores the address of the next instruction that is to be executed

Question 30

What does the Memory Address Register do?

Answer 30

The memory address register stores the location of the instruction or data to be fetched.

Question 31

Where are currently running programs stored?

Answer 31

Short term memory, e.g. RAM

Question 32

What does the Memory Data Register do?

Answer 32

The memory Data register stores the fetched instruction or data.

Question 33

What does the Current Instruction Register do?

Answer 33

The current instruction register stores a copied version of the instruction that has just been fetched from memory, so that the MDR can be freed up.

Question 34

MDR

Answer 34

Memory Data Register

Question 35

MAR

Answer 35

Memory Address Register

Question 36

PC

Answer 36

Program Counter

Question 37

CIR

Answer 37

Current Instruction Register

Question 38

ACC

Answer 38

Accumulator

Question 39

What does the Accumulator do?

Answer 39

The accumulator stores the result of any equations (logic or mathematic) that the ALU has completed

Question 40

Secondary Storage

Answer 40

Secondary storage stores all long term data that a computer needs like user files and operating systems

Question 41

What secondary storage devices are commonly used in desktop computers?

Answer 41

Magnetic Hard drives

Question 42

What secondary storage devices are commonly used in portable devices ?

Answer 42

Solid State Drives

Question 43

What is Parallel Processing?

Answer 43

Parallel processing is when a CPU completes multiple fetch-decode-execute cycles at the same time

Question 44

Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

Answer 44

Is a cycle that CPU's use to complete tasks, they Fetch the instruction from memory, they Decode it into usable data, then they execute the instruction, each cycle happens very quickly

Question 45

Busses

Answer 45

Transport data from the RAM to the CPU

Question 46

Cache

Answer 46

Is memory that is placed between the processor and the main memory

Question 47

Disadvantages of Cache:

Answer 47

Cost, Space

Question 48

Advantages of Cache:

Answer 48

Faster, Efficiency

Question 49

Name three kinds of Input Devices:

Answer 49

Keyboards, Pointing devices, Data-Entry devices

Question 50

What is the purpose of Input Devices?

Answer 50

Allows data such as text, images, video or sound to be entered into a computer system

Question 51

Name three kinds of Output Devices:

Answer 51

Monitor, Speaker, Printer

Question 52

What is the purpose of Output Devices?

Answer 52

Allows data such as texts, images, videos and sounds to be outputted to the user from the computer system

Question 53

What are the three types of secondary storage?

Answer 53

Optical, Solid State, Magnetic

Question 54

Fragmentation

Answer 54

The Fragments of data within a storage device, these fragments take up more space

Question 55

De-Fragmentation

Answer 55

The process of sorting out fragments of data into whole sections again. This saves the space the fragments were taking up

Question 56

Should you De-fragment Solid State Drives?

Answer 56

No

Question 57

Byte

Answer 57

Is a collection of 8 bits

Question 58

Nyble

Answer 58

Is a collection of 4 bits

Question 59

Word

Answer 59

Is the total number of bits that can be manipulated as a single unit by the CPU