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Pharm Test 2 > 11, General Anesthesia > Flashcards

11, General Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of General Anesthesia?

A

1- Analgesia

2- Excitement

3- Surgical

4- Medullary depression

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2
Q

What drugs are used as Intravenous/ induction anesthetic agents?

A

Benzodiazepines

Barbiturates

Etomidate

Propofol

Ketamine

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3
Q

What is the only IV anesthetic that will inhibit NMDA?

A

Ketamine

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4
Q

What are the Benzodiazepines?

A

Midazolam

Lorazepam

Diazepam

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5
Q

What anesthetics can cause anterograde amnesia?

A

Benzodiazepines

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6
Q

What is the antidote for Benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil

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7
Q

What drug is a barbiturate?

A

Thiopental

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8
Q

What does Thiopental do?

A

Enhance actions of GABA

Depress brainstem

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9
Q

What are side effects of Thiopental?

A

Nausea, Vomit

Profound respiratory depressant

Dose Dependent Inc in BP

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10
Q

What anesthetic can be used in a pt with a head trauma?

A

Thiopental

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11
Q

What does Etomidate do?

A

Inc affinity of GABA for its receptor

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12
Q

What types of patients are Etomidate good for?

A

Elderly

Limited cardiac reserve pt

Pt at risk for HYPOtension

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13
Q

Why is Etomidate good?

A

Minimal effect on heart, respiration

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14
Q

What drug has a greater margin of safety than barbiturates?

A

Etomidate

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15
Q

What does Propofol do?

A

Enhance action of GABA

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16
Q

What is special about Propofol?

A

Rapid onset

Rapid recovery

Anti- emetic

17
Q

What are Propofol side effects?

A

HYPOtension

Cardiac depression

Impair baroreflex

18
Q

What does Ketamine do?

A

NMDA antagonist

19
Q

What drug produces “Dissociative Amnesia”?

A

Ketamine

20
Q

How can Ketamine be administered?

A

IM

Oral

Rectal

21
Q

What are Ketamine side effects?

A

HYPERtension

Inc:
HR
CO
Cerebral blood flow
Intracranial pressure

Post op:
Hallucination
Excitation
Vivid Dream

22
Q

What patients are Ketamine best for?

A

pt w/ Asthma

Child undergoing short painful surgery

23
Q

What are the inhalation anesthetics?

A

Nitrous Oxide (non hal)

Volatile inhaled anesthetics (halogenated)

  • Desflurane
  • Sevoflurane
  • Isoflurane
24
Q

What does Nitrous Oxide do?

A

NMDA antagonist

25
Q

How is Nitrous Oxide primarily used?

A

Adjunct to other anesthetics

26
Q

What are the side effects of Nitrous Oxide?

A

When used with Halogenated:
BP, CO INC

When used with Opioids:
BP, CO DEC

27
Q

What is special about Nitrous Oxide?

A

Doesn’t trigger Malignant Hyperthermia

28
Q

What is special about Sevoflurane?

A

Doesn’t produce Tachycardia

29
Q

What are side effects of the volatile inhalation anesthetics? (halogenated)

A

drop in BP

Bronchodilators, Relax SKM

Respiratory depressants

Elimination is ventilation

Can trigger malignant hyperthermia

Affects pregnancy in women

30
Q

If your pt gets malignant hyperthermia, what drug is given?

A

Dantrolene

31
Q

What anesthetics do not decrease BP during induction of anesthesia?

A

Ketamine

Etomidate

32
Q

What anesthetics are NMDA antagonists?

A

Nitrous Oxide

Ketamine

Pharm Test 2 (8 decks)

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