1.1 Ed Tech and Learning Theories Flashcards
What is educational technology?
Application of knowledge for the purpose of improving learning, instruction, and/ or performance
Ethical practice for facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate technology and resources
What does learning ABOUT technology mean?
How the machine and software work.
What does learning FROM technology mean?
How you construct or program the machine to do the instruction.
What does learning WITH technology mean?
“Mindtools” - software tools.
ex: spreadsheets, 3D printing
What is Sidney Pressey’s 1920’s machine? And which “learning”… “technology” is it?
- Automated Teaching Machine
- Assessment machine with candy
- Motivated by behaviourism
- Learning FROM technology
What is Jean Piaget’s theory of constructiVism?
Knowledge is constructed by the learner.
What are the stages of Jean Piaget’s theory of constructivism?
Stage 1: Sensorimotor (birth-2)
object permanence
“out of sight out of mind”
Stage 2: Preoperational (2-7)
ego
- “I” “me”
- no deep understanding of the world and others
Stage 3: Concrete operational (7-12)
- solve problems if applied to objects or events
- logical thought in physical objects
Ex: glasses have “more” water in bigger class although they are the same
Stage 4: Formal operational (12-adult)
- think logically and abstractly
- balance scale task
What is Seymour Papert’s constructioNism?
Learners learn best when they can build something (construct) and share it with others.
What is extended cognition? List examples.
A spider and its web
A student using their smartphone to access information.
What is cognitive offloading? List examples.
use of bodily actions or external devices to alter the information processing requirements of a task to reduce cognitive demand.
Examples:
* counting on your fingers
* pen and paper to make a list
What are the 4E cognition?
- Embodied
- Embedded
- External
- Enactive
What is the zone of proximal development? and whose theory?
- level of knowledge already attained and developed
- space between
what a learner can do without assistance - level of potential development
- what a student can learn with guidance
List the learning from technology:
- Sidney Presseys Automated Teaching Machine
- LaZarte’s Problem Cylinder
- B.F Skinner’s Teaching Machine
- Don Bitzer PLATO
What are the 3 stages that children develop knowledge through? (Jerome Bruner)
- Iconic: image based
- Symbolic: language based
- Enactive: action based
What is Vygotsky’s social-constructivism?
Emphasis on social context of learning and in particular on the role of “mediating agents” such as teachers.
What is scaffolding? Who coined the term?
How children build on knowledge that they have already mastered
Coined by Jerome Bruner
What are the learning theories? (6)
- Behaviourism
- Constructivism and Social Constructivism
- Constructionism
- Cognitivism
- Cognitive Load Theory
- Connectivism
What is PLATO? Who is it linked to?
Programmed Logic Automated Teaching Operations
- (computer teaching machine)
Don Bitzer
What is connectivism theory?
The effect of technology on how people connect, communicate and construct knowledge digitally in networked communities.
- for understanding learning in a digital age
What is cognitivism?
Understanding how the mind works.
Study of psychology that focuses on mental processes that are behind changes in behaviour
What is Skinner’s behaviourism theory?
learning is a function of change in overt behaviour, a result of an individual’s response to a stimulus or event
focus: on the influence of conditioning, where reinforcement of a stimulus-response behaviour conditions a response
Who are the 3 notable theorists associated with constructivism and social- constructivism?
Jean Piaget
Jerome Bruner
Lev Vygotsky
