1.1 DNA : THE CODE OF LIFE Flashcards
Draw and label an eukaryotic cell (12+7)
The cytoplasm is where:
The chemical reactions that keep the cell alive takes place
Draw and label the nucleous of an eukaryotic cell (6)
The nucleus:
Contains inherited information
The nuclear membrane:
Encloses the nucleus in eukaryotic cell
Nuclear pore:
Involved in transport of substances into and out of the nucleus
Nucleolus:
Involved in the construction of ribosomes
Chromosomes: (2)
Made up of protein and DNA. IT stores the information for controling the cell
What are nucleic acids?
They are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells
What are the 2 main types of nucleic acids?
DNA & RNA
Where is DNA Found? (4)
- chromosomes in nucleus of eukaryotes
- chromosomes and plastids of prokaryotes
- mitochondria
- chloroplast
In what forms is RNA found?
- tRNA (transfer)
- mRNA (messenger)
- rRNA (ribosomal)
- genetic material of viruses
Label the following picture
- Chromosome
- Histones
- DNA
- DNA double helix
- Centromère
What are chromosomes?
They are Long, thin, thread-like structures composed of DNA that is wrapped around proteins called histones
What are somatic cells?
They are the cells of living organisms other than the reproductive cells
Chromosomes occour in homologous pairs, where each chromatid of the pair:
- have the same size, shape and have the same genes in the same place
What are genes?
They are sections of DNA molecules that control the heridetary characteristics in living organisms
Genes:
1.
2.
3.
- Are short segmants of DNA molecules that codes for a particular protein
- Each gene carries the code for the synthesis of a particular protein
- Proteins determine the characteristics of an organism
Briefly describe the discovery of the shape of DNA: (4 * 3 = 12)
- FREDERICK GRIFFITH (1928): discovered that a factor in diseased bacteria can tranform harmless bacteria into deadly bacteria
- ROSALIN FRANKLIN & douch bag Maurice Wilkins (1952)
- x-ray of DNA (photo 51) - JAMES WATSON & FRANCES CRICK (1953)
- described the DNA molecule from Franklin’s X-ray - WHATSON, CRICK & WILKINS (1962)
- Received nobel prize ( Franklin passed away )