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Biology > 1.1 DNA > Flashcards

1.1 DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

Where is DNA found? (3)

A
  • in the chromatin network of the nucleus
  • In mitochondria
  • in chloroplast
  • in cytoplasm of prokaryotes
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3
Q

What is extra nuclear DNA?

A

It is DNA that is outside of the nucleus of the cell

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4
Q

Name the three functions of DNA

A

DNA

  1. makes up genes which carry heriditary information
  2. Contains coded information for protein synthesis
  3. Can replicate itself
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5
Q

Name 3 physical aspects of DNA

A
  1. It is a large molecule
  2. Is shaped as a double HELIX
  3. Monomers are nucleotides
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6
Q

Draw a stick diagram of DNA

A
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7
Q

Name the following monomer and what each shape represents

A

NUCLEOTIDE

C: phosphate
P: deoxyribose sugar
R: nitrogenous base

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8
Q

How many rings do purines have?

A

2

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9
Q

How many rings do pyrimidines have?

A

1

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10
Q

Name two purines

A

Adenine

Guanine

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11
Q

Name two pyrimidines

A

Thymine

Cytosine

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12
Q

Name the four nitrogenous bases and state which one pairs with each

A

Adenine & thymine

Guanine & cytosine

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13
Q
A
  1. Nucleotide
  2. Phosphate
  3. Deoxyribose
  4. Weak Hydrogen Bonds
  5. Weak Hydrogen Bonds
  6. (Thymine)
  7. Adenine
  8. Cytosine
  9. Guanine
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14
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occour?

A

During interphase of the cell cycle

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15
Q

Where does DNA replication take place?

A

In the nucleus of a cell

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16
Q

Name the enzymes involved in DNA replication

A
  • HELICASE : unzipping

- DNA polymerase : pairing of bases

17
Q

Explain what happens in the first step of DNA replication

A
  • the double helix unwided itself

- DNA unzips as hydrogen bonds are broken by enzyme helicase

18
Q

Explain what happens in the second step of DNA replication

A

Free nucleotides in cytoplasm match their exposed base partners
- because pairing is complementary which ensure that new DNA formed is the same as the original one

19
Q

Explain what happens in the third step of DNA replication

A

Two daughter DNA molecules

  • twist to form a double helix
  • then winds itself around histones
  • forming a chromosome
20
Q

What is the significance od DNA replication?

A
  • through this process, DNA is able to produce a copy of itsef
  • and this ensures that genetic code is passed down to each daughter cell
21
Q

Explain DNA replication (10)

A
22
Q

define DNA PROFILE

A

An individual’s unique data of fragments separated by electrophoresis

23
Q

How is DNA profile made? (5)

A
  1. Sample is collected
  2. DNA is extracted from cell
  3. Restrition enzymes cut the beginning and end of eache separated sequence
  4. Large nypumbers of sample are made through DNA amplification
  5. DNA fragments are separated and detected uding gel electrophoresis
24
Q

Uses of DNA profiling (6)

A
  1. Forensics
  2. Personal identification
  3. Paternity testing
  4. Identifying casualties
  5. Diagnisis of inherited diseases
  6. Developing cures for inherited disorders
25
Q

Why is the controversy against DNA profiling?

A
  1. People consider it to be a invation of privacy
  2. Tests are not always accurate
  3. Tests could have been manipulated

Biology (4 decks)

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