1.1 Current systems of representative and direct democracy Flashcards
Features of a direct democracy (definition)
-A direct democracy, is a radical and most pure form of democracy, in which the citizenry make decisions through direct, immediate, and continuous popular participation.
-There is no formal distinction between the people and the government for they are in practice one and the same.
Features of a representative democracy (definition)
-A representative democracy, is a limited and indirect form of democracy, it operates through the ability of representatives to speak for, or act on behalf of the people.
- In practice, representatives are chosen and removed through regular and popular elections.
Advantages of a direct democracy: Enhanced participation
Power remains in the hands of the people, allowing communities to have control over important affairs that directly affect their lives and shape society. This encourages them to take an active part in making decisions, enhancing participation.
-The 2016 Brexit referendum had a relatively high turnout of 72%
-The 2014 Scottish Independence referendum had a turnout of 85%
(Compared to the recent general elections, where turnout was 60%, 2nd lowest post-war).
Advantages of a direct democracy: Gives equal weight to all votes
In a representative democracy, votes are of unequal value. The UK uses First Past the Post (FPTP) electoral system where the outcome is shaped by the size of the constituency and the difference between safe and marginal seats.
-In safe seats such as Chersham and Anersham, which is the safest conservative seat in the UK (or) Birmingham Ladywood the safest labour seat in the UK. Means that there is very little chance of seeing another candidate win.
-Whereas, in marginal seats, votes matter way more.
Advantages of direct democracy: Decisions are more legitimate
-Citizens views, wills, and preferences aren’t distorted by representatives. As the people are involved in decision making.
-E.g. In Switzerland, GM crops were banned via referendum in 2005. In the UK, the government decided for the people, that GM crops should be given the go ahead, in spite of nationwide popular opposition.
Advantages of representative democracy: Practicable in modern societies
Representative is only practicable in modern and mass societies, as popular participation is infrequent, allowing for decisions to be taken swiftly. Which is particularly important in times of national emergency.
-After the 911 attacks, in 2001 the UK government legislated the Anti-terrorism, Crime, and Security Act
Advantages of representative democracy: Government by experts
Representatives are more rational than emotional majority. This makes the ‘tyranny of the majority’ less likely to occur, as representatives ensure that all sections of society are taken into account and are held accountable for the decisions they make.
-In the UK, it was the MPs that voted over the years to legalise abortions, legalise same-sex marriage, and abolish the death penalty.
Advantages of representative democracy: Prevents voter fatigue
Representative democracy relieves the public of the burden of day-to-day decision making. Due to the irregular nature of participation in a representaive democracy, the public typically vote 3-4 years. Representatives are professional politicans, and therefore have more time to learn about problems, policies and alternatives.
-In June 2024, four referendums were held, two were regarding health insurance premiums, one regarding vaccinations, and one against a recent law concerning sustainable energy. All received a turnout of 45%.
