1.1 compare criminal behaviour and deviance Flashcards
Define deviance
Behaviour that is unusual and good such as heroically risking your own life to save someone else. behaviour that is unusual and eccentric such as talking to the trees in the park, or hoarding huge quantities of old newspapers. behaviour that is unusual and bad or disapproved of such as physically attacking someone for no reason.
Define the legal definition of criminal behaviour
any action forbidden by criminal law usually involves actus reus and mens rea
Define the social definition of criminal behaviour
This includes consideration of differing views of what makes behaviour criminal, whether a law is actually enforced, and whether people think certain acts should have laws made against them or not.
Name 4 formal sanctions against criminals
Custodial sentences, community sentences, police sanctions and other possible implications of criminal convictions.
What is custodial sentences?
Court imposed imprisonment or detention in a young offenders institution.
What is community sentences?
Court imposed work, fines, courses, probation orders, restrictions, drug treatments and/or testing. Served outside of jail.
What is police sanctions?
Include cautions, conditional cautions and penalty notices (fines) issued for minor offences - no court appearance.
Name 5 acts that are criminal
Violence against the person, sexual offences, fraud and forgery, drug offences and criminal damage.
Name 3 examples of violence against the person
murder, manslaughter and assault
name 3 examples of a sexual offence?
rape, sex trafficking and grooming
Name 3 examples of fraud and forgery
frauds by company directors, benefit cheating and tax evasion
Name 3 examples of criminal damage
arson, vandalism and graffiti
Name 3 examples of drug offences
supplying, trafficking or possession of illegal substances
What is an example of a norm?
In the UK we tend to queue up in an orderly fashion
What is an example of a value?
Respect for human life is a value found in almost all human societies
What is an example of a moral code?
The police code of ethics
What is a norm?
Specific rules or socially accepted standards that govern behaviour in particular situations.
What is a value?
General principles or guidelines for how we should live our lives
What is a moral code?
A set of basic rules, values and principle, held by an individual, group, organisation or society as a whole
What is a formal sanction?
Punishments for breaking formal written rules or laws. imposed by official bodies e.g. courts, schools etc
What is an informal sanction?
Disapproval shown to a person for breaking unwritten rules, such as telling off or ignoring them
What is a positive sanction?
Rewards for behaviour society approves of e.g. praise or medal.
What is social control?
Ways in which society seeks to control our behaviour and ensure we conform to its norms
What does actus reus mean?
Latin for ‘guilty act’
What does mens rea mean?
Latin for ‘guilty mind’
What is a fine?
Financial penalties dependent on seriousness of offence and ability to pay.
What is a conditional discharge?
An offender may avoid prison if they commit no offences in a given time period
What is an absolute discharge?
Defendant is guilty but court decides punishment is not appropriate.
What does ViSOR stand for?
Violent and Sex Offenders Register
