1.1 chemistry for life Flashcards
what is a an anion
its a negative ion formed when an atom gains electrons
what’s a cation
its a positive ion formed when an atom loses an electron
when are covalent bonds formed
when atoms share electrons
what a dipole
its the separation of charge in a molecule when the electron in covalent bonds are not evenly shared
what a polar molecule
its a molecule containing a dipole
what are ionic bonds
they are attractive forces between oppositely charged ions
what are hydrogen bonds
they are weak electrostatic intermolecular bonds formed between polar molecules containing at least one hydrogen bond
uses and importance of water
hydration, cooking, home for sealife etc
what type of bonding occurs between the oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule
covalent bonding
is the oxygen or hydrogen nucleus more positive ( in water ) and what effect does this have on the electrons moving around the nuclei.
oxygen, and an uneven distribution of electrons
why does oxygen its slightly negative
because it pulls the electrons closer because the oxygen nucleus is more positive
what is cohesion
attraction between 2 water molecules
what is adhesion
attraction between water and another polar molecule
what do hydrophobic and hydrophilic mean
hydrophobic- doesn’t bond together with water
hydrophilic- will bond with water
what’s the difference between atoms and ions
atoms have equal numbers of protons and electrons and ions are atoms with a charge because it has more or less electrons than the number of protons
