1.1 Chemical elements and biological compounds

Question 1

Inorganic

Answer 1

A molecule or ion that contains no more than one carbon atom

Question 2

Dipole

Answer 2

A polar molecule, with a positive and negative charge, separated by a very small distance

Question 3

Hydrogen bond

Answer 3

The weak attractive force between the partial positive charge of a hydrogen atom in one molecule and the partial negative charge of another atom, usually oxygen or nitrogen.

Question 4

Hydrolysis

Answer 4

The breaking down on large molecules into small molecules, by the addition of a molecule of water

Question 5

Condensation reaction

Answer 5

Chemical process in which two small molecules combine to form a more complex molecule with the elimination of a molecule of water

Question 6

Specific heat capacity

Answer 6

The energy required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance by 1 degree C

Question 7

Latent heat of vaporisation

Answer 7

The energy required to convert 1g of a liquid into vapour

Question 8

Cohesion

Answer 8

The attraction of water molecules for each other, because of the dipole structure of water producing hydrogen bonds between them

Question 9

Organic molecules

Answer 9

Molecules that have a high proportion of carbon atoms

Question 10

Monosaccharide

Answer 10

An individual sugar molecule

Question 11

Triose

Answer 11

A monosaccharide containing 3 carbon atoms

Question 12

Pentose

Answer 12

A monosaccharide containing 5 carbon atoms

Question 13

Hexose

Answer 13

A monosaccharide containing 6 carbon atoms

Question 14

Isomers

Answer 14

Molecules that have the same chemical formula but different (structural formulae)
arrangement of atoms

Question 15

Biosensor

Answer 15

A device that combines a biomolecule, such as an enzyme, with a transducer, to produce an electric signal which measures the concentration of a chemical

Question 16

Polymer

Answer 16

A large molecule comprising repeating units, monomers, bonded together

Question 17

Monomer

Answer 17

A single repeating unit of a polymer

Question 18

Ester bond

Answer 18

An oxygen atom joining 2 atoms, one of which is a carbon atom attached by a double bond to another O atom.

Question 19

Glycosidic bond

Answer 19

A bond that joins a sugar to another group

Question 20

Hydrophilic

Answer 20

Polar; a molecule that can interact with water molecules because of its charge

Question 21

Hydrophobic

Answer 21

Non-polar; a molecule that cannot interact with water molecules because it has no charge

Question 22

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 22

All carbon-carbon bonds are single

Question 23

Unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 23

At least one carbon-carbon bond is not single

Question 24

Monounsaturated fatty acid

Answer 24

one C=C

Question 25

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

Answer 25

Many C=Cs

Question 26

Peptide bond

Answer 26

The chemical bond formed by a condensation reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another