1.1 - Cell Structure (plant and animal cells) Flashcards
What are the two types of cells?
● Eukaryotic (plant and animal)
● Prokaryotic (bacteria)
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not.
Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus containing genetic material, while prokaryotes do not.
How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell?
It is found free-floating within the cytoplasm as a:
- Single circular strand of DNA
- Plasmids
What are plasmids?
● Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA.
● Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance.
What is a micrometre (µm)?
1 × 10-6 metres
A thousandth of a millimetre
What is a nanometre (nm)?
- 1 x 10-9 metres
- A millionth of a millimetre
List the components of both plant and animal cells (5)
● Nucleus ● Cytoplasm ● Cell membrane ● Mitochondria ● Ribosomes
List the additional cell components found in plant cells (3)
● Chloroplasts
● Permanent vacuole
● Cell wall
Other than storing genetic information, what is the function of the nucleus?
Controls cellular activities
Describe the structure of the cytoplasm
● Fluid component of the cell / Jelly like substance
● Contains organelles, enzymes and nutrients
What is the function of the cytoplasm
Site of cellular reactions / Where chemical reactions take place
e.g. first stage of respiration.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the entry and exit of materials into and out of the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to work.
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Where proteins are made in the cell
What is the plant cell wall made of?
Cellulose
