Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR Exam 2 > 11. Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

11. Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

what is the 60-40-20 rule

A

60% of body weight = Total Body Weight (TBW)

40% of weight (or 2/3 TBW) = Intracellular fluid compartment (ICF)

20% of weight (or 1/3 TBW) = Extra__cellular fluid compartment (ECF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what two compartments make up the ECF

A

plasma = 1/4 *ECF

intestitial fluid = 3/4 *ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which compartment can be acted on directly to control vol & composition

A

plasma

–> then interstital fluid will be regulated too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do the numbers of fluid intake compare to fluid loss

A

should match!

total intake = 2300

total loss should be 2300 too (out of this urine is biggest contributer =1400)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what happens to fluid intake and loss during exercise

A

increase loss of fluid bc of sweat

reduced urine output

output increases ALOT

-so you need to hydrate to match what you lost!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is third spacing

A

third space is apart of ECF, usually minimal fluid there

but too much fluid shift from blood vessels (intravascular) into nonfxnal area => fluid trapped

-ascites, interstitial area around lungs –> pul edema, burn pts, liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is selectivity

A

fluid compartments are semipermeable

so using osmosis, h2o moves from high [h2o] to low

trying to match dilution / [solute]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the ionic and nonelectrolyte composition of ICF

A

K+, Mg2+

proteins and organic phosphates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the ionic & nonelectrolyte distribution in ECF & how is it divded btn the 2 compartments

A

Na+, Cl-, & HCO3-

plasma: whats above plus proteins

interstital fluid: whats above but lower than whats in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why is regulation of ECF important

A

helps regulate BP

maintain via salt balance; so osmolarity is closely regulated to prevent swelling/shrinking of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

compare the electrolyte composition of ECF & ICF

A

ICF: proteins that cant permeate, PO43-, primary cation = K+

ECF: Cl-, HCO3-, primary cation = Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are nonelectrolytes

A

molecules w/ covalent bonds that prevent them from dissociating in sol’n

no electrical charge

=glu, lipids, urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are electrolytes

A

dissociate into ions in water –> gives them higher osmatic power than nonelectrolytes

NaCl, MgCl2, etc

greater ability to cause fluid shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is osmolality vs osmolarity

A

osmolality = osmotically active particles per kg of h2o

osmolarity = osmotically active particle per L of total soln

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the normal ranges for

Na

K

HCO3-

albumin

glu (fasting)

serum osmolality

A

Na = 135-147

K = 3.5 - 5.0

HCO3- = 22-28

albumin = 3.5 - 5.5

glu (fasting) = 70-110

serum osmolality = 285 - 295

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 4 mechanisms that can cause polyuria

A
  1. increase intake (stress/anxiety, DI)
  2. increased GFR (hyperthyroid, fever)
  3. increased output of solutes (DM, hyperthyroid, hyperparathyroid)
  4. inabilty of kidney to reabs in DCT (CRF, drugs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what can cause oliguria

A

dehydration, blood loss, diarrhea, kidney disease, enlarged prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what can cause anuria

A

kidney failure, obstruction (stone or tumor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the difference btn water diuresis & solute diuresis

A

both = increase h2o excretion

water diuresis = W/O increased salt excretion

solute (osmotic) = WITH increased salt excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is free water clearance,

how do you calculate & what do the results mean

A

Ch2o = rate at which solute free h2o excreted

if positive = dilute urine

if negative = concentrated urine, conserving h2o

(if urine osm > plasma osm, free water clearance = neg bc h2o conserved)

21
Q

how do you measure the amount of fluid in compartments

A

= dilution method

  1. dye distributed in body fluid compartment based on characteristics
  2. allow dye to equilibrate
  3. remove plasma & meaure [marker]
  4. calculate -> vol of distribution = amount injected/ [] in plasma

amount injected = amoutn injected - amount excreted in urine!

22
Q

what are the indicators used for each compartment

A

TBW = isotopic water (d2o, 3h2o, 2h2o, antipyrine)

ECF = mannitol, inulin, sulfate, 22Na

plasma = 125I-albumin, evans blue dye

ICF & interstitial fluid cant be directly measured

23
Q

how do you measure plasma (serum) osm

A

normal = 285-295

& estimating way = 2 * [plasma Na]

24
Q

what is the Gibbs-Donnan Effect

A

plasma contain proteins (-) = impermeable so they create oncotic gradient && create electrival environment

both favoring movement of h2o INTO cell

25
Q

what happens if gibb-donnan effect isn’t countered

A

cell swell –> death

prevent this by Na/K ATPase - 3 Na in & 2 K out ==> prevent excess inward h2o

26
Q

what forces play a role in h2o movement btn ICF & ECF

how does the movement occur

A

osmotic forces

-h2o diffuse thru capillary walls & P diff btn inside & outside vessel help fluid move freely

27
Q

what are the Ps close to the arteriole & venule ends of the caps

& what do the promote

A

arteriole end - cap BP > plasma colloid osmotic P ==> filtration

venule end - cap BP < plasma colloid osmotic P ==> absorption

occationaly extra fluid out of cap and into lymphatic vessels

28
Q

what are two causes that lead to edema

A
  • change in hemodynamic –> increase filtration - noticed when interstitial vol increased by 2.5-3 L (ie CHF, liver failure)
  • renal retention of dietary Na & h2o expansion of ECF vol (ie primary renal disease)
29
Q

what is an isotonic cell environment & what happens to the cell

A

environment has [NaCl] = 0.85%

equal movement of h2o in & out cell

30
Q

what happens to a cell in a hypertonic enviornment

A

[NaCl] > 0.85%

net movemnt out of the cell –> cell will shrink

31
Q

what happens to a cell in a hypotonic environment

A

[NaCl] < 0.85%

net movement of h2o into cell –> cell swells

32
Q

How can plasma content change?

A
  • ECF vol los –> increase [plasma protein] - concentrated
  • ECF vol gain –> decrease [plasma protein] -dilute
33
Q

what will increase Hct

A

ECF vol loss - concentrated

ICF vol gain - swelling of RBC

34
Q

what leads to decreased Hct

A

ECF vol gain - dilute

ICF vol loss - shrinkage of RBC

35
Q

what are crystalloids

A

used in replacement therapy

contain organic/inorganic salts dissolved in sterile h2o –> DO NOT cross plasma mem & stay in ECF

use glucose & NaCl

(ie 0.9% NaCl normal saline & lactated Ringers (LR))

36
Q

what are colloids

A

used in replacement therapy

-contain large molecules that don’t pass thru semipermeable mem –> stay in intravascular compartment

so fluid out of extravascular space to balance out

ie hydroxyethyl startches & albumin

37
Q

what happens when you have increased fluid loss?

hemorrhage vomitting, diarrhea

A

loss of isosmotic fluid

-decrease ECF vol

NOT osm bc fluid lost = isosmotic –> so no need to change ICF vol

38
Q

what happens to ECV & ICV with water deprivation (increased sweating & no intake)

A

sweat = hypotonic

soln compared to ECF

ECF vol decrease & osm increases –> which cause h2o shift from ICF into ECF until ICF osm increases & is = to ECF osm

new steady state –> ECF & ICF vol decreased & osm increased

39
Q

what happens to ECF & ICF in hyponatremia

A

serum Na < 130-135

decrease ECF osmotic P –> h2o moved into cell –> hypovolemia & cellular swelling

-increase ICF vol can cause edema, brain cell swelling, irritablility, depression, confusion, weakness, M cramps, anorexia, nausea & diarrhea

40
Q

what happens with hypernatremia

A

serum Na > 147-150

h2o moves from ICF to ECF –> intracell dehyrdation & shinkage

increased ECF vol –> edema & increased BP

high Na levels - M weakness, hyperactive reflexes

decreased ICF - thirst, decrease urine output, confusion and ultimately coma

41
Q

what is the difference btn vol contraction vs expansion

A

contraction - decreased ECF fluid –> cause decrease blood vol & BP

expansion = increased ECF fluid –> increase BP & cause edema

42
Q

what occurs when you have hypotonic fluid loss?

dehydration, DI & alcoholism

A

= hyperosmotic vol contraction

decrease ECF & ICF vol & increase osm for both

43
Q

what happens to ECF & ICF in adrenal insufficiency

A

=hyposmotic volume contraction

-excess NaCl in urine –> ECF osm decrease –> cause osm difference & h2o move from ECF to ICF until osm match

ICF vol increased & osm decreased

44
Q

what happens during isotonic vol expansion

A

ie infusion of isotonic NaCl

ECF vol increase (nothing else)

45
Q

what occurs w/ hypertonic vol expansion

A

high NaCl intake

increase ECF vol –> increase ECF osm - flow ICF to ECF

decrease ICF vol & increase osm

46
Q

what happens in pts w/ SIADH

A

(similar effects for excess water drinking)

= hyposmotic vol expansion

increase ECF & ICF vol & decrease both osm

47
Q

Pts w/ CHF have low effective circulating vol bc decreased CO. What occurs to counteract this

A
  1. activation of RAAS
  2. stimulation of sym NS bc baroreceptor detect decrease P
  3. increase ADH secretion
  4. increase renal fluid retention

–> edema, retain Na, increase ECF vol but dont correct effective circulating vol

48
Q

what happens if ECF vol is expanded

A

renal NaCL & h2o excretion increased

(opposite if ECF vol contracted)

49
Q

when vascular & body fluid dynamics change, what systems are called into play

A

renal sym Ns (decrease NaCl excretion)

RAAS (decrease NaCl excretion)

ADH (decrease h2o excretion)

ANP/BNP/urodilatin (incease NaCl excretion & reduce renin & ADH secretion)

CPR Exam 2 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions