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CPR Exam 2 > 1. Respiratory Cycle & Mechanics > Flashcards

1. Respiratory Cycle & Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

what does Vdot mean

A

airflow or vol per unit time

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2
Q

what happens to RV with age & disease

A

increases

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3
Q

how does change in volume affect pressure

A

P1*V1= P2*V2

increase vol -> decrease pressure

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4
Q

what happens during inspiration

A

passive movement of air into lungs

contract inspiratory Ms - increase thoracic volume

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5
Q

how are the lungs & M/ribs connected

A

tethered w/ fluid (pleura)

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6
Q

what is parietal fluid

A

btn visceral & parietal pleura

5-35 um thick

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7
Q

What is PPL

A

intrapleural P

less than atm P (neg compared to atm P)

=P in thorax (except lumen of blood vessels, lymphatics or airways)

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8
Q

barometric P = 760 mm Hg- how is this converted to P in respiratory phys

A

0 cm H20

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9
Q

what is PPL at rest

A

-5 cm

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10
Q

what happens to lungs are the thorax expands

A

lungs expand bc coupling btn lungs & chest wall

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11
Q

what happens to PPL & PA as thoracic cavity increases in size

A

PPL = decreases

PA = decreases (causes air to enter during inspiration)

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12
Q

what is transpul pressure

A

PTP = PALV - PPL

= 5 cm H20 at rest

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13
Q

what is Vol, PA, PPL, PTP & Air flow at rest

A

Vol = 0 L (only RV, VT hasnt begun)

PA - 0 cm H20

PPL = -5 cm H20

PTP = +5

airflow = 0 L/s

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14
Q

what is Vol, PA, PPL​, PTP & air flow during mid-inspiration

A

Vol - increasing

PA - decreasing (-1)

PPL - decreasing (btn -5 & -8)

PTP = +5.5

airflow - into lungs (neg)

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15
Q

what is Vol, PA, PPL​, PTP & air flow at the end of inspiration

A

Vol - peaked - VT = 500 ml

PA = 0

PPL = decreased to -8 cm H20

PTP = +8

airflow - none

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16
Q

what happens to the diaphragm and chest cavity with expiration

A

diaphragm relaxes and moves up

chest cavity moves in

PA increases bc recoil

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17
Q

what is Vol, PA, PPL, PTP​ & air flow during mid-expiration

A

vol- decreasing

PA - rises

PPL - begins to rise (btn -8 to -5)

PTP = +7.5

airflow - exit lungs (+)

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18
Q

what is Vol, PA, PPL,​ PTP & air flow at end of respiration

A

vol- return to resting

PA - decreased back to 0

PPL = at rest = -5

PTP = +5

airflow - none

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19
Q

what is minute ventilation (VE)

A

vol of air inhaled every min

= VT * Freq

normal = 7 L/min

20
Q

what is anatomic dead space

A

space in resp system other than alveoli

take weight and change to mL (150 lb = 150 mL)

21
Q

what is alveolar dead space

A

alveoli that recieve air but no blood (no gas exchange)

22
Q

what is physiological dead space

A

air that fxnally doesn’t participate in gas exhange

healthy ind = 0

23
Q

what happens to deadspace at the end of expiration & end of inspiration

A

end of expiration = air left in lungs (yellow)

end of inspiration = anatomical dead space air entered lungs

24
Q

what happens if you increase RV too much in alveoli that arent there or fxning correctly

A

mess w/ gas exchange

increase phys dead space

25
Q

what is minute alveolar ventilation (VdotALV)

A

= VALV * freq

= airflow through alveoli per unit time

26
Q

what occurs at very low and very high lung volumes

A

lungs have to work HARD to get little increase in vol

-harder to stretch

27
Q

when is it easier to have large changes in vol

A

once a little air is in the lungs

a little pressure change will procude a large vol change bc lungs are easier to stretch

28
Q

do the lungs deflate the same way they inflate?

A

no

thats why the curves for inspiration and expiration are different

29
Q

why is there a difference btn the curve for inhalation so different from exhalation (hysteresis = the difference)

A

surfactant - reduced tension in small alveoli more than larger alveoli to create P balance

so alveoli get right amount of air

(saline sol’n: no surfactant to similar curve)

30
Q

when is compliance high and what does that mean

A

highest during normal breathing

= easier to stretch/open (reduced workload)

31
Q

when is compliance low and what does that mean

A

at extremes (low and high volumes)

-harder work

32
Q

what is compliance at the first breath

A

low lung vol

so low compliance - high effort

33
Q

what happens to compliance with fibrosis

A

lower compliance - more change in P needed for change in vol

-shallow vol & more freq

34
Q

what happens to compliance with age

A

increases

-elasticity decreases -loss of elastin and increased collagen

35
Q

what happens to compliance with emphysema

A

increases compliance

  • destroy alveolar septal tissue, dont have to work as hard but no tissue there to recieve it
36
Q

what do lungs do at low vol

A

collapse

but dont because couple with chest wall

37
Q

what happens at FRC

A

elastic recoil of lungs and that of chest wall balance each other

38
Q

what happens to the lungs and chest wall during pneumothorax

A

lungs- collapse

chest wall - expands maximally

39
Q

what is airway resistance

A

increased with asthma (constict bronchial airway - change radius)

40
Q

what prevents the lungs from collapsing from elastic recoil

A

interdependence

-shared walls of alveolar and airways prevent collapse as recoild opposes each other

41
Q

what happens if you lose some of the walls of alveoli or lose forces btn alveoli

A

neighboring alveoli will collapse

42
Q

elastic recoil in one alveolus is-

A

countered by the elastic recoil of neighboring alveolus

43
Q

what happens to the pressure needed for airway flow as resistance increases

A

takes greater pressure to generate flow

-more pressure to change volume

44
Q

when is quiet breathing represented on this graph

A

-5 to -10 cm H20

45
Q

what are the 2 forces breathing overcomes

A

elastic forces

and resistive forces

46
Q

what part of this is graph represents the elastic forces that are overcome by breathing

A

green

0AECD0

47
Q

where are the resistive forces represented in this graph

A

ABCEA

CPR Exam 2 (20 decks)

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