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CPR Exam 2 > 1. Respiratory Cycle & Mechanics > Flashcards

1. Respiratory Cycle & Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

what does Vdot mean

A

airflow or vol per unit time

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2
Q

what happens to RV with age & disease

A

increases

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3
Q

how does change in volume affect pressure

A

P1*V1= P2*V2

increase vol -> decrease pressure

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4
Q

what happens during inspiration

A

passive movement of air into lungs

contract inspiratory Ms - increase thoracic volume

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5
Q

how are the lungs & M/ribs connected

A

tethered w/ fluid (pleura)

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6
Q

what is parietal fluid

A

btn visceral & parietal pleura

5-35 um thick

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7
Q

What is PPL

A

intrapleural P

less than atm P (neg compared to atm P)

=P in thorax (except lumen of blood vessels, lymphatics or airways)

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8
Q

barometric P = 760 mm Hg- how is this converted to P in respiratory phys

A

0 cm H20

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9
Q

what is PPL at rest

A

-5 cm

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10
Q

what happens to lungs are the thorax expands

A

lungs expand bc coupling btn lungs & chest wall

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11
Q

what happens to PPL & PA as thoracic cavity increases in size

A

PPL = decreases

PA = decreases (causes air to enter during inspiration)

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12
Q

what is transpul pressure

A

PTP = PALV - PPL

= 5 cm H20 at rest

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13
Q

what is Vol, PA, PPL, PTP & Air flow at rest

A

Vol = 0 L (only RV, VT hasnt begun)

PA - 0 cm H20

PPL = -5 cm H20

PTP = +5

airflow = 0 L/s

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14
Q

what is Vol, PA, PPL​, PTP & air flow during mid-inspiration

A

Vol - increasing

PA - decreasing (-1)

PPL - decreasing (btn -5 & -8)

PTP = +5.5

airflow - into lungs (neg)

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15
Q

what is Vol, PA, PPL​, PTP & air flow at the end of inspiration

A

Vol - peaked - VT = 500 ml

PA = 0

PPL = decreased to -8 cm H20

PTP = +8

airflow - none

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16
Q

what happens to the diaphragm and chest cavity with expiration

A

diaphragm relaxes and moves up

chest cavity moves in

PA increases bc recoil

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17
Q

what is Vol, PA, PPL, PTP​ & air flow during mid-expiration

A

vol- decreasing

PA - rises

PPL - begins to rise (btn -8 to -5)

PTP = +7.5

airflow - exit lungs (+)

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18
Q

what is Vol, PA, PPL,​ PTP & air flow at end of respiration

A

vol- return to resting

PA - decreased back to 0

PPL = at rest = -5

PTP = +5

airflow - none

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19
Q

what is minute ventilation (VE)

A

vol of air inhaled every min

= VT * Freq

normal = 7 L/min

20
Q

what is anatomic dead space

A

space in resp system other than alveoli

take weight and change to mL (150 lb = 150 mL)

21
Q

what is alveolar dead space

A

alveoli that recieve air but no blood (no gas exchange)

22
Q

what is physiological dead space

A

air that fxnally doesn’t participate in gas exhange

healthy ind = 0

23
Q

what happens to deadspace at the end of expiration & end of inspiration

A

end of expiration = air left in lungs (yellow)

end of inspiration = anatomical dead space air entered lungs

24
Q

what happens if you increase RV too much in alveoli that arent there or fxning correctly

A

mess w/ gas exchange

increase phys dead space

25
what is minute alveolar ventilation (VdotALV)
= VALV \* freq = airflow through alveoli per unit time
26
what occurs at very low and very high lung volumes
lungs have to work HARD to get little increase in vol -harder to stretch
27
when is it easier to have large changes in vol
once a little air is in the lungs a little pressure change will procude a large vol change bc lungs are easier to stretch
28
do the lungs deflate the same way they inflate?
no thats why the curves for inspiration and expiration are different
29
why is there a difference btn the curve for inhalation so different from exhalation (hysteresis = the difference)
surfactant - reduced tension in small alveoli more than larger alveoli to create P balance so alveoli get right amount of air (saline sol'n: no surfactant to similar curve)
30
when is compliance high and what does that mean
highest during normal breathing = easier to stretch/open (reduced workload)
31
when is compliance low and what does that mean
at extremes (low and high volumes) -harder work
32
what is compliance at the first breath
low lung vol so low compliance - high effort
33
what happens to compliance with fibrosis
lower compliance - more change in P needed for change in vol -shallow vol & more freq
34
what happens to compliance with age
increases -elasticity decreases -loss of elastin and increased collagen
35
what happens to compliance with emphysema
increases compliance - destroy alveolar septal tissue, dont have to work as hard but no tissue there to recieve it
36
what do lungs do at low vol
collapse but dont because couple with chest wall
37
what happens at FRC
elastic recoil of lungs and that of chest wall balance each other
38
what happens to the lungs and chest wall during pneumothorax
lungs- collapse chest wall - expands maximally
39
what is airway resistance
increased with asthma (constict bronchial airway - change radius)
40
what prevents the lungs from collapsing from elastic recoil
interdependence -shared walls of alveolar and airways prevent collapse as recoild opposes each other
41
what happens if you lose some of the walls of alveoli or lose forces btn alveoli
neighboring alveoli will collapse
42
elastic recoil in one alveolus is-
countered by the elastic recoil of neighboring alveolus
43
what happens to the pressure needed for airway flow as resistance increases
takes greater pressure to generate flow -more pressure to change volume
44
when is quiet breathing represented on this graph
-5 to -10 cm H20
45
what are the 2 forces breathing overcomes
elastic forces and resistive forces
46
what part of this is graph represents the elastic forces that are overcome by breathing
green 0AECD0
47
where are the resistive forces represented in this graph
ABCEA

CPR Exam 2 (20 decks)

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