11. Blood system Flashcards
Custom flashcards based on personal notes
How is blood produced?
- Bone marrow contains stem cells
- These stem cells produce (differentiate into) white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.
What are the functions of the blood?
Transport - gases + nutrients
Regulation - temperature, pH, blood pressure, chemical balance
Protection - white blood cells (immune sytsem)
What is blood comprised of?
Blood cells
Plasma
Serum - blood without clotting ability
What is intracellular fluid (ICF)?
Fluid inside of cells
What is interstitial fluid (IF)?
The fluid around cells. The medium between cells and capillaries.
What is plasma?
Blood without the cells.
What does plasma consist of?
Water
Proteins
Nutrients
Clotting factors
Electrolytes
What are the physical qualities of erythrocytes (red blood cells) /
Red
Biconcave
No nucleus
Flexible
Stackable
Surface agents
Granular leucocytes (white blood cells) vs agranular leucocytes?
Granular - contain grains
Are leucocytes free roaming or do they have controlled release?
Free roaming
What are leucocytes?
White blood cells which give immune defense, there are 5 types:
Basophils, eosinophils. neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes
How do basophils function?
Respond to inflammatory and allergic reactions.
Release heparin , histamine and serotinin.
How do eosinophils function?
Release histamine,
Reduce inflammatory response
Attack parasites
Remove waste antigen/antibody components.
How do neutrophils function?
Rapid response
Destroy bacteria
Multiply prolifically in response to infection.
How do monocytes function?
Slow response but in large numbers
become ‘wandering’ macrophages upon leaving the blood stream.
Destroy and clean up dead tissue after infection.
How do T lymphocytes function?
Thymus gland programmes these lymphocytes to recognise invaders.
Attack viruses, fungi, cancer cells + some bacteria
How do B lymphocytes function?
Programmed in the bone barrow
Attack viruses in bacteria
Become plasma cells which produce antibodies to develop lasting immunity.
How do thrombocytes function?
Derived from megakaryocytes, they are cell fragments without a nucleus.
Function - homeostasis - clotting in order to prevent serious hemorrhage.
