Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology A level > 1.1-Biological compounds > Flashcards

1.1-Biological compounds Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Dipole?

A

Polar molecule with + and - charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define inorganic?

A

Molecules have high number of carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define organic?

A

Molecule have no more than 1 carbon atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define Hydrogen bond?

A

Weak attractive force b/n a H atoms with a δ+ charge and an atom with a δ- charge partial charge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Hydrolysis?

A

Type of reaction where water splits a molecule.
(To break)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define Condensation?

A

Type of reaction where water is a product.
(To make)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ions function-
1.Magnesium?

A

Mg 2+, In peanuts, Important component for chlorophyll for photosynthesis/ for bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ions function-
2.Phosphate?

A

PO43- , In beans, Used to make nucleotides including ATP.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ions function-
3.Iron?

A

Fe 2+ , In Spanish, Contain Haemoglobin to transport O2 in RBC/ Without it can lead to anaemia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ions function-
4.Calcium?

A

Ca2+ , In cheese, Provide strength in plant cell wall. / It’s important for bones and teeth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ions function-
5.Sulfur?

A

S, To synthesis protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Draw and describe Water molecule?(1)

A

1.Water molecule is dipole. 2.Consist of 2 H atoms with δ+ partial charge and1 O with δ- partial charge joined together by covalent bond.
3.Chemical formulae is H2O.
4. 2 water molecule joined by hydrogen bond.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Properties of Water? (Surface tension)

A

=Support and buoyancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Properties of Water? (Solvent)

A

Polar molecule dissovle in water and are able to transport.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Properties of Water?(Metabolite)

A

Water molecule involved in chemical reaction Eg. photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Properties of Water?(Ice float less dense than water)

A

Ice insulating water below allow survive of organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Properties of Water?(High specific heat capacity)

A

Requires energy cause water to heat up therefore creating thermostable environments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Properties of Water?(Cohesive)

A

Water molecule form H bond allow move of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define & function Carbohydrates?

A

-Contain C, H, O.
-Storage energy in Plants and animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define Monosaccharides?

A

Individual sugar molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define Triose, Pentose, Hexose?

A

-Type of sugar contain 3 carbons, important in respiration and photosynthesis Eg. glyceraldehyde
-Type of sugar contain 5 carbons, important in nucleotides Eg. ribose.
-Type of sugar contain 6 carbons, used in respiration Eg. glucose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define Isomers?

A

Molecules have same Chemical Formulae but differernt arrangements of atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define Disaccharides?

A

2 Monosaccharides joined together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define Glyosidic bond?

A

Bond formed b/n 2 monosaccharides in a condensation reaction, and elimination of water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Define Polysaccharides?

A

Molecules formed by condensation of many monosaccharides Eg. glycogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define monomer?

A

1 single unit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define polymer?

A

Molecule made from repeating monomers joined together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Draw an Alpha (a) glucose molecule?(2)

A

oh is down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Draw an Beta (B) glucose molecule?

A

oh is up.

30
Q

Functions of Monosaccharides?

A

-Source of energy. Eg. C-H, C-C bond broken to release energy, transferred to make ATP.
-Building blocks for large molecule. Eg. Glucose, used to make polysaccharides.
-Average in reactions. Eg. Triose
-Component of nucleotides. Eg. ribose in RNA.

31
Q

Draw a glycosidic bond?

A

+H2O is splits

32
Q

Disaccharides- Maltose

A

Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
eg. in germinating seeds

32
Q

Disaccharides- Sucrose

A

Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
eg. transport sugar in plants

33
Q

Disaccharides-Lactose:

A

Glucose + Galactose = Lactose
eg. sugar found in milk

34
Q

Polysaccharides- Starch

A

-Made of amylopectin, branched.
and amylose, helical.
-a isomer
-Amylose (1,4), Amylopectin (1,4-1,6)
-Found in cellulose plants.
-insoluble.

35
Q

Polysaccharides- Glycogen

A

-a isomer.
-Branched.
-1,4-1,6
-In liver animal.
-Energy storage

36
Q

Polysaccharides- Cellulose

A

-B isomer
-Straight
-1,4
-Plants
-structural
-Straight chains held together by H atoms to form fibres, every glucose molecules rotates by 180 degree.

37
Q

Polysaccharides- Chitin

A

-B
-Straight
-1,4
-Plants/Animals
-structural
-Straight chains held together by H atoms to form fibres, every glucose molecules rotates by 180 degree.

38
Q

Food tests of -Reducing Sugar:

A

-1cm3 = 1ml
-Use of Benedict’s 2cm3
-Heat mix over 80. for 5 min.
-Colour change from Blue to brick-red

39
Q

-Non-reducing sugar:

A

-Same as reducing sugar.
-Add 2 drops of hydrochloric acid, heat over 80 for 2 min.
-Same colour change, if it stays Blue not sugar

40
Q

-Starch:

A

-2 drops of Iodine
-Yellow to blue-black

41
Q

-Proteins:

A

-2cm3 of biuret reagent
-Blue to purple.

42
Q

-Lipids:

A

-Emulsion/5cm3 of ethanol
-Clear to cloudy white.

43
Q

Define Lipids?

A

Organic molecule made up from O, H and C. eg alcohol.

44
Q

Functions of Triglycerides?

A
  1. Energy storage, (A/P)
  2. Thermal insulator, (A)
  3. Nerve insulator, (A)
  4. Waterproofing, Waxy cuticle reduces water loss, (A/P)
  5. Cell surface membrane, (A/P)
  6. Low density and buoyancy, (A/P)
  7. Protection, Fat is often stored around eg. kidney, (A)
45
Q

Define Saturated?

A

-Type of fat found in animals which inc blood cholesterol levels and its molecule contain only single bonds of carbon atoms.

46
Q

Define Polysaccharides?

A

-Molecules formed by condensation of many monosaccharides Eg. glycogen.

47
Q

Define Hydrophilic?

A

-Phosphate head.

48
Q

Define Phospholipid?

A

-Type of lipid formed be condensation of 1 molecule of glycerol, 2 molecules of fatty acids and a phosphate group.

49
Q

Define Hydrophobic?

A

-Fatty acids tails

50
Q

Draw Triglyceride?(3)

A

Glycerol
Ester bond
Fatty acids

51
Q

Draw Phospholipid?

A

Phosphate head (Hydrophilic)
Fatty acids (Hydrophobic)

52
Q

Define Hypertension?

A

High blood pressure.

53
Q

Define Ester bond?

A

A bond of a fatty acid chain and glycerol formed in a condensation reaction.

54
Q

Define Atheroma?

A

Blockage cholesterol.

55
Q

Define unsaturated?

A

-Type of fat found in plant which considered healthy and its molecule contain at least 1 double bonds between carbon atoms.

56
Q

Functions of Triglycerides?

A
  1. Energy storage, (A/P)
  2. Thermal insulator, (A)
  3. Nerve insulator, (A)
  4. Waterproofing, Waxy cuticle reduces water loss, (A/P)
  5. Cell surface membrane, (A/P)
  6. Low density and buoyancy, (A/P)
  7. Protection, Fat is often stored around eg. kidney, (A)
57
Q

LDL ?

A

-Low density lipoprotein.
-Bad cholesterol
-Transports cholesterol around body depositing it in artery walls.
-High levels risk inc of Atherosclerosis.

58
Q

HDL?

A

-High density lipoprotein
-Good cholesterol
-Transports cholesterol from body to liver to be broken down.

59
Q

Define protein?

A

_Made up of O, H, C and nitrogen.
-Are polymers made up of monomers called amino acids.
-Polypeptide are amino acids chain
-20 different amino acids used to make up proteins.

60
Q

Define peptide bond?

A

Chemical bond formed by condensation b/n amino group of 1 amino acids and carboxyl group of another.

61
Q

Draw amino acids?(5)

A

NH2 – Amino group
H – Hydrogen
C – carbon centre
B – Variable group
COOH – Carboxyl group

                 H
                 ;
                 ; NH2 -------- C --------- COOH
                 ;
                 ;
                 R
62
Q

(Secondary structure)

A

Hydrogen bonds formed b/n amino acids in chain cause it to fold into a-helix or B-bleated sheet.

62
Q

Draw peptide bond? (6)

A

+H2O
Dipeptide (Peptide)

63
Q

Protein structure? (Primary)

A

Specific sequence of amino acids as coded by DNA.
Amino acids linked together by condensation reaction that form peptide bond.

64
Q

(Tertiary structure)

A

Hydrophobic interactions b/n variable group with 2nd structure forms and disulphide bonds forms a very specific folded structure.

65
Q

(Quaternary structure)

A

More than 1 polypeptide chain linked to form a molecule.

66
Q

Define Fibrous protein?

A

-Insoluble
-Eg. skin

67
Q

Define Globular protein?

A

-Soluble
-Eg. Enzymes.

68
Q

What is number of genes if polypeptide is 1?

A

It’s 1 gene.
1 gene= 1 polypeptide.

Biology A level (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions