11 - Basic components of organic chemistry Flashcards
homologous series
family of compounds wgose successive members differ by the addition of a CH4 group
functional group
part of the molecule largely responsible for the molecules properties
aliphatic
carbon atoms joind to each other by unbranched or branched chains
alicyclic
carbon atoms joind to each other in a ring structure
atomatic
somme or all carbons found in a benzene ring
structural isomerism
compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
homolytic fission
each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the covalent bond
- atom now has unpaired electron
radical
atom/group of atoms with an unpaired electron
heterolytic fission
one of the bonded atoms takes both of the electrons from the covalent bond
- atom the takes both electrons becomes negative
- atoms that doesnt becomes positive
addition
two reactants join to form one product
alkene -> alcohol
substitution
atom/ group is replaced by a different one
haloalkane -> alcohol
elimination
removal of a small molecuel from a larger one
alcohol-> alkene
alkene
c=c
-ene
alcohol
-OH
prefix = hydroxy
sufix = -ol
aldehyde
-CHO
Sufix= -al
ketone
-C(CO)C-
suffix= -one
carboxylic acid
-COOH
suffix= -oic acid
ester
-COOC-
suffix= -oate
acyl chloride
-COCl
suffix= -oyl chloride
amime
-NH2
prefix= amino-
Sufix= -amine
nitrile
-CN
suffix = -nitrile
general formula
the simplest algebraic formula for any homologous series
curly arrows
- movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made
