11. Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Lips and Oral Cavity Flashcards
What is the ANATOMY of Lips & Oral Cavity composed of?
1) Oral Vestibule
2) Oral Cavity
3) Lips
4) Cheeks
5) Masticatory Muscles
6) Teeth
7) Tongue / Oral Floor
1| Describe the ORAL VESTIBULE
- It’s bounded EXTERNALLY VIA Lips / Cheeks
- Bounded INTERNALLY VIA Alveolar Processes AND Teeth
- Communicates WITH Oral Cavity (space behind last molar) WHEN the teeth are in OCCLUSION
2| Describe the ORAL CAVITY
{Boundaries, Innervation, Blood Supply}
- The SPACE BEHIND the LAST Molar
- ## OPENS INTO the PHARYNX, at the FAUCIAL ISTHMUS
- BOUNDARIES
0 Anterior AND Lateral = Alveolar Ridge AND Teeth
- SOFT PALATE = CLOSES the NASOPHARYNX
0 Tensor / Levator Veli Palatini
0 Muscle of Uvula
0 Palatoglossus = Forms anterior Tonsillar Pillar
0 Palatopharyngeus = Form posterior Pillar
——————————————————————– - HARD PALATE
0 Incisive Bone
0 Palatine Processes of Maxilla (Anteriorly)
0 Horizontal Plates of Palatine Bones (Posteriorly)
——————————————————————– - INNERVATION
0 Motor CN 9 / CN 10
- BLOOD SUPPLY = Facial Artery VIA Ascending Palatine Branch
3| Describe the LIPS
{Blood Supply, Lymphatic Drainage, Innervation}
- Made of the ORBICULARIS ORIS MUSCLE
- ## Contains N.O of Seromucous Salivary Glands = DRAINS into Oral Vestibule
- BLOOD SUPPLY
1) Facial Artery
0 Superior / Inferior Labial Arteries
0 Facial Vein drains into Internal Jugular Vein
2) Angular Artery / Vein
0 Has Terminal Branch which ANASTAMOSE w/ Ophthalmic Artery
- LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
0 Upper Lip = Unilateral
- INNERVATION
0 Sensory CN 2 + 3
0 Motor CN 7
4| Describe the CHEEKS
- Form the LATERAL BOUNDARIES of the ORAL VESTIBULE
- Contain SMALL Salivary Glands in their Mucosa
- BUCCINATOR MUSCLE = Forms CN 7
- BICHAT FAT PAD
0 Found BTW Buccinator Muscle AND Overlying
0 Smoothens the Cheek via filling the depression at anterior border of Masseter Muscle - MASSETER MUSCLE = Fibres that run PERPENDICULAR to Buccinator
- EXCRETORY DUCT of PAROTID GLAND
0 Runs via Buccinator Muscle
0 Opens into Cheek Mucosa OPPOSITE Upper 2nd Molar
5| Describe the MASTICATORY MUSCLES
- Masseter
- Temporalis
- Medial
- Lateral Pterygoid
6| Describe the TEETH
{Blood Supply, Innervation}
Consists of
- 4 Incisors
- 2 Canines
- 4 Pre-Molars
- 6 Molars
- Each tooth has Crown (projects freely into Oral Cavity) AND Root
- Teeth are ANCHORED VIA Alveoli by PERIODONTIUM:
0 Cementum
0 Bony Alveolar Wall
0 Gingiva - Alveolar Processes of Maxilla = FLOOR of Maxillary SINUSES
- BLOOD SUPPLY = From MAXILLARY Artery
0 Inferior Alveolar Artery
0 Anterior / Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery - INNERVATION = CN 2 / V3
7| Describe the TONGUE / ORAL FLOOR
1) TONGUE
- Occupies Oral Cavity
- Continuous with Floor of Mouth = Anteriorly / Laterally
- ## Posteriorly with Terminal Sulcus (V-Shaped Groove)2) ORAL FLOOR
- Mylohyoid Muscle
- Sublingual / Submandibular Gland
- Sublingual Duct
- ## Frenulum0 Tongue Mucosa
0 Papillae
- Filiform (NO Taste Buds / Grip Food)
- Fungiform (Tip)
- Foliate (Sides)
- Vallate (Back)
0 Taste Buds
- Has 30 - 80 ELONGATED Cells
- EXTEND Superficially TO GUSTATORY PORE
———————————————————————
- BLOOD SUPPLY = Lingual Artery / Vein
- LYMPH DRAINAGE
0 Submental / Submandibular LN = Level 1
0 Upper Jugular LN = Level 2 - INNERVATION
0 Sensory CN V3, CN 7 via CHORDA TYMPANI
0 Sensory CN 9, 10
0 Motor CN12
What is the PHYSIOLOGY of the Lips & Oral Cavity?
1) FOOD INTAKE / PROCESSING / SWALLOWING
- Lips SEAL Oral Cavity
- Tongue = Transports / Keeps food BTW Molars
- Salvia = Softens Food
- Mastication = REDUCES Size of Food Particles
- Tongue Base = PROTECTS Airways
2) TASTE
0 4 Taste Sensations = Sweet / Sour / Salty / Bitter
3) PHONATION / ARTICULATION
0 Lips / Teeth / Palates / Tongue / Vocal Folds / Nasal Cavity / Uvula / Jaw = Produce Speech
What are EXAMPLES of INFLAMMATION of LIPS / ORAL CAVITY?
{Describe, Symptoms, Treatment}
- AKA Stomatitis!
1) CANKER SORE = Aphthous Ulcer
- Single Pale / Yellow Ulcer w/ Red Outer Ring
- Cluster of Ulcers in Mouth / Cheeks / Tongue / Inside the Lip
- DUE to Hormonal Changes / LOW Vit B12 / Biting inside Cheek / Chewing SHARP piece of Food
- SYMPTOMS = Painful / Last 5 - 10 Days
- ## TREATMENT = Analgesia / Topical Anaesthetic Gels / Topical Corticosteroids2) COLD SORES = Fluid-Filled Sores around Lip
- Rarely on gums / roof of mouth
- Later crust over w/ SCAB
- Tingling / Tenderness / Burning before Sore appears
- DUE to Herpes Simplex Type 1 / Syphilis / Meds / Mouth Trauma / Stress / Bacteria, Viruses / Lack of Sleep
- SYMPTOMS = Painful / Last 7 - 10 Days / Flu-like Symptoms
- TREATMENT = Oral Treatment (Acyclovir )
What is ORAL FLOOR ABSCESS?
{Etiology, Symptoms, Treatment}
- AKA Ludwig’s Angina
- Is a RARE INFX of Submandibular Space
- DUE TO
0 Poor Dental Hygiene
0 Trauma / Laceration in the Mouth
0 Recent Tooth Extraction - SYMPTOMS
0 Prexia, Drooling, Trismus, Airway Compromise
0 Firm Thickening of Tissues of Mouth Floor - TREATMENT
0 High Dosage of IV Broad Spectrum = Unasyn
0 Secure the Airway
0 Surgical Incision
What is ANGIOEDEMA?
{Etiology, Symptoms, Treatment}
- Allergic Reaction that leads to GENERALISED SWELLING of the Tongue
- DUE TO
0 Seafood
0 Peanuts
0 Drugs = (ACE) Inhibitors - Swelling PROGRESSES RAPIDLY / OBSTRUCTS Airway
- TREATMENT
0 IV Steroids / Diphenhydramine / Racemic Epinephrine
0 Secure Airway = Endotracheal intubation / Tracheotomy
What is the Pharynx?
- Tubular, Fibromuscular Organ
- Extends from Skull Base TO Inlet of Oesophagus
- Consists of:
1) Nasal Part (Nasopharynx)
2) Oral Part (Oropharynx)
3) Laryngeal Part (Hypopharynx)
1| What is the NASOPHARYNX?
- FROM Bony Skull Base TO Imaginary Horizontal Line at HARD Palate
- Anteriorly = Nasal Cavity VIA Choanae
- Postero-Laterally = Middle Ear VIA Orifice of Eustachian Tube
0 Pharyngeal Tonsil = Ceiling of Nasopharynx
0 Torus Tubarius = Lateral Wall of Nasopharynx
2| What is the OROPHARYNX?
- COMMUNICATES
0 Anteriorly = Oral Cavity VIA Faucial Isthmus w/ Oral Cavity
0 Superiorly = Nasopharynx
0 Inferiorly = Extends to Upper Margin of Epiglottis
- Pharyngeal Tonsil = Ceiling of Nasopharynx
- Torus Tubarius = Lateral Wall of Nasopharynx
- Bounds Anteriorly = Tongue Base / Lingual Tonsil
- Bounds Posteriorly = C2, C3 Vertebrae w/ Pre-Vertebral Fascia
- Bounds Laterally = Faucial Pillars (Surface the Palatine Tonsils)
