1.1 atomic structure

Question 1

electron position and mass?

Answer 1

orbitals and 1/1800

Question 2

why do isotopes have similar chemical properties but varying physical?

Answer 2

electrons determine chemical and mass determines physical

Question 3

4 steps of the mass spectrometer

Answer 3

ionisation, acceleration, deflection, detection

Question 4

ionisation

Answer 4

vapour, high energy electron beam, forms positive ions

Question 5

acceleration

Answer 5

negative electric field makes a beam

Question 6

deflection

Answer 6

magnetic field, degree depends on m/z ratio

Question 7

detection

Answer 7

electron added, current created, current proportional to abundance of the species

Question 8

what is the mass spectrometer used for

Answer 8

to identify all isotopes in a sample of an element

Question 9

measuring Mr

Answer 9

use peak with largest m/z, fragments often break off

Question 10

a level atom model

Answer 10

principle energy level, sub energy level, orbitals

Question 11

orbital

Answer 11

area with a 95% chance of finding an electron, 2 electrons, opposite spins

Question 12

electrons are lost from

Answer 12

the outermost shell

Question 13

Cu + Cr

Answer 13

half full 4s…

Question 14

first ionisation energy

Answer 14

the enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms forms one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge

Question 15

successive ionisation energies…

Answer 15

are larger because a positive ion is formed so more energy is needed to overcome the increased attraction

Question 16

helium has the largest 1IE

Answer 16

no shielding, one more proton than hydrogen

Question 17

1IE sodium lower than neon

Answer 17

sodium has an electron in 3s = more shielding

Question 18

drop in 1IE between Mg and Al

Answer 18

Al filling 3p, which is higher energy so easier to lose electrons

Question 19

drop in 1IE between P and S

Answer 19

S is doubly filling 3p orbital = repulsion