1.1 atomic structure Flashcards
electron position and mass?
orbitals and 1/1800
why do isotopes have similar chemical properties but varying physical?
electrons determine chemical and mass determines physical
4 steps of the mass spectrometer
ionisation, acceleration, deflection, detection
ionisation
vapour, high energy electron beam, forms positive ions
acceleration
negative electric field makes a beam
deflection
magnetic field, degree depends on m/z ratio
detection
electron added, current created, current proportional to abundance of the species
what is the mass spectrometer used for
to identify all isotopes in a sample of an element
measuring Mr
use peak with largest m/z, fragments often break off
a level atom model
principle energy level, sub energy level, orbitals
orbital
area with a 95% chance of finding an electron, 2 electrons, opposite spins
electrons are lost from
the outermost shell
Cu + Cr
half full 4s…
first ionisation energy
the enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms forms one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge
successive ionisation energies…
are larger because a positive ion is formed so more energy is needed to overcome the increased attraction
helium has the largest 1IE
no shielding, one more proton than hydrogen
1IE sodium lower than neon
sodium has an electron in 3s = more shielding
drop in 1IE between Mg and Al
Al filling 3p, which is higher energy so easier to lose electrons
drop in 1IE between P and S
S is doubly filling 3p orbital = repulsion
