1.1 and 1.2 Chemical Bonding/Ionic Bonding

Question 1

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

Bonding between a metal and a nonmetal (giving and taking electrons)

Question 2

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 2

Bonding between two metals

Question 3

What are ions?

Answer 3

Positively or negatively charged atoms as a result of ionic bonding

Question 4

How do you get a negative ion?

Answer 4

You give it extra electrons when being ionically bonded (negative because it has more electrons than protons)

Question 5

How do you get a positive ion?

Answer 5

You take away its electrons when being ionically bonded (positive because it has more protons than electrons)

Question 6

Why do elements in group 8 not react with other elements?

Answer 6

They already have a full outer shell of electrons so don’t need any more or less

Question 7

Which group of elements would elements in group 1 react with?

Answer 7

Group 7, they would give their one electron to the element in group 7 so they would each have a full outer shell

Question 8

Which elements (metal or nonmetal) become positive ions in ionic bonded?

Answer 8

Metals, because they are in the lower groups so they give electrons so they have more protons than electrons

Question 9

What do ions have structure wise?

Answer 9

A stable electronic structure of a noble gas

Question 10

How do the ions stay attached in ionic bonding?

Answer 10

The opposite ions are attracted to each other in the ionic compound due to strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions

Question 11

How are the oppositely attracted ions held together?

Answer 11

A giant lattice structure packed nicely and nearly together

Question 12

What does the number of atoms of an element in a compound depend on?

Answer 12

The charges on the ions, eg, calcium ions are Ca+2 whereas chloride ions are only Cl-1 so we need 2 chlorine ions so it ends up being CaCl2. This all depends on the group of the elements being bonded

Question 13

What is the shape of sodium chloride?

Answer 13

3D network giant ionic lattice with strong ionic bonds between oppositely charged ions

Question 14

What diagrams can we use to represent the atoms and ions involved in ionic bonding?

Answer 14

Dot and cross diagram (only showing the outer shell of electrons and their movement)

Question 15

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 15

Bonding between two nonmetal elements (sharing electrons)

Question 16

Why is the formulae of sodium chloride NaCl but magnesium chloride is MgCl2?

Answer 16

Sodium ions have a singular positive charge whereas magnesium ions have a double positive charge so you need twice as many chloride ions to cancel it out

Question 17

Explain what happens to the atoms of the elements when lithium (3 electrons) reacts with fluorine (9 electrons)

Answer 17

Lithium atoms lose an electron to form a single positive ion and fluorine atoms gain an electron to form a single negative ion

Question 18

How can you tell the compound H2O has covalent bonds?

Answer 18

It is made of non metals