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Adult Neuro > 11- Abnormal Mobility > Flashcards

11- Abnormal Mobility Flashcards

1
Q

What can loss of proprioception cause??

A

reduced modulation of muscle activity throughout the gait cycle

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1
Q

What are the factors correlated with participation in community ambulation?

A
  • balance - gait velocity - strength (in hemiparetic limb)
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2
Q

Functional consequences of vestibular deficits depend heavily on ________ at the time of vestibular loss.

A

age

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2
Q

What does spatial relations disorder cause?

A
  • reduced ability to navigate safely through the environment
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3
Q

What can paresis/weakness result in?

A

Inability to generate adequate forces to move the body forward due to deficient recruitment of motor units, and secondary changes in muscle fibers. It can cause altered number, type, and discharge frequency

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4
Q

What is defective muscle activation?

A

paretic component

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5
Q

What is critical for obstacle avoidance?

A

visual input

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6
Q

_______ is a major risk factor for falls.

A

Dementia

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7
Q

How does spasticity contribute to gait disorder?

A
  1. through inappropriate activation when muscle is lengthening during gait cycle 2. alterations in mechanical properties of the muscle causing changes in intrinsic stiffness
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8
Q

Limitations in gait have been identified as one of the most debilitating consequences of neurologic pathology including:

A

CVA, PD, MS

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8
Q

What is spasticity?

A

abnormal velocity-dependent recruitment of muscle during lenthening

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9
Q

What does body image and scheme disorder cause?

A
  • decreased stability - inappropriate foot placement - difficulty controlling the center of mass relative to a changing base of support
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11
Q

Where does mobility fit into the ICF framework?

A

Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions

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13
Q

What is the relationship between strength and gait velocity when it comes to the effects of paresis?

A

Non-linear relationship with a threshold of strength for walking to occur, and a ceiling at which increase in strength does no influence gait speed

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15
Q

What are the main muscle groups involved with gait?

A

Plantarflexors, quadriceps, hip flexors, extensions, and abductors

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16
Q

What are abnormal synergies?

A

loss of fractionation of movement (corticospinal lesions)

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17
Q

Spasticity affects many patient populations, including:

A

CVA, CP, MS, TBI

18
Q

Sensory inputs serve as what?

A
  1. a trigger for initiation of swing 2. are nessesary for adapting locomotion to changing environmental stimuli
19
Q

What is critical to anticipatory control of balance during gait?

A

visual input

20
Q

What is paresis?

A

Loss of adequate force generation in muscles

21
Q

What are some non-neural musculoskeletal impairments?

A

-decreased ROM -weakness -contracture -changes in alignment -changes in passive properties (impede ability to generate power at diff speeds)

22
Q

What problems do adults with vestibular problems have?

A

gait ataxia and difficulty stabilizing the head in space

23
Q

What is the nonneural component?

A

changes in mechanical properties of muscle-tendon system (eg., intertia, elasticity, and viscosity)

24
Q

How much does weakness affect the ability to walk independently? It depends on…

A
  • which muscles are affected - how weak the affected muscles are - the capacity of other muscles to compensate
24
Q

What happens to the knee in patients with stroke, as seen on a kinematic recording?

A

Excessive hyperextension of knee during stance and lack of knee flexion in swing phase

25
Q

What is dyscoordination?

A

inappropriate activation unrelated to stretch cocontraction of agonist and antagonist muscles Inadequate scaling of muscle activity

26
Q

What are the different ways to classify gait disorders?

A
  • Neurologic diagnosis - Pathophysiologic mechanisms
26
Q

What are some compensatory strategies used in the presence of pain?

A

-reduced weight bearing on painful side - avoidance of impact loading - reduced joint excursion - decreased joint compressive forces

27
Q

What does loss of visual input cause?

A

affects both stability and adaptability requirements of gait

29
Q

Whats sort of deficit results in gait ataxia, and becomes more affected with or without inaccurate visual inputs?

A

Somatosensory deficits

30
Q

What sorts of issues go with impairment in the perceptual system?

A
  • pain
32
Q

What is the effect on the soleus in patients with MS

A

They have little modulation of soleus stretch reflex response throughout gait cycle

33
Q

What is cocontraction?

A

loss of selectivity in motor output

34
Q

The normal control of gait requires the integration of both ________ inputs and _______ inputs.

A

peripheral sensory inputs descending supraspinal inputs

35
Q

Disorders of gait are one of the _________ and most _____________ of a wide variety of neurologic conditions.

A

Earliest Characteristic Symptoms

36
Q

What type of gait pattern does pain cause?

A

antalgic gait pattern (resulting from pain characterized by decreased velocity, shortened stance, stiffer limbs, decreased foreceful foot contact on push off)

37
Q

What is changes in mechanical properties of the muscle tendon systems?

A

nonneural component

38
Q

EMG recordings show ______ in patients with stroke?

A

a lack of phasic activation of the calf muscle and low activities of TA

39
Q

What does spastic plantar flexors cause?

A

they affect forward foot clearance during swing, subsequent toe-drag

40
Q

What is loss of selectivity in motor output?

A

cocontraction component

41
Q

What is abnormal velocity-dependent EMG recruitment during muscle lengthening

A

spastic component

Adult Neuro (10 decks)

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