10- Mobility and Locomotion in Older Adults Flashcards
How does aging affect power absorption at heel strike? What does this fall under?
Decreases Kinetic Changes
What is the ability to adapt gait to changing task and environmental requirements?
Adaptation
Both ________ and ________ can cause changes in gait
neurologic impairments aging
Falls are the ____ leading cause of death in people over _____ y.o.
7th 75
_______% of falls are caused by slipping?
27-32%
How does aging affect base of support and stride length? What does this fall under?
Wider base of support, increased stride width Temporal and distance parameters
How does aging affect muscle activity at specific points in the step cycle? What does this fall under?
Increases Muscle Activation Pattern
How does aging affect vertical movement of the CoG/CoM? What does this fall under?
Decreases Kinematic Changes
What can muscle weakness do to gait?
Decrease in pushoff power during gait
How does aging affect coactivation of agonist and antagonist muscles? What does this fall under?
Increased Muscle Activation Pattern
What happens to proactive locomotory skills with aging?
takes longer time to adapt an upcoming step in order to avoid an obstacle
What is the ability to ensure orientation and stability?
Postural control
How does aging affect arm swing? What does this fall under?
Decreases Kinematic Changes
How does aging affect stride and step length?
Decreases Temporal and Distance Parameters
Many falls in older adults occur during _______.
Walking
How does aging affect double support and single limb stance phase? What does this fall under?
Longer double support, shorter single-limb stance Temporal and Distance Parameters
What is the ability to generate a rythmic stepping pattern to move the body forward?
Progression
________% of falls in older adults are caused by tripping?
35-47%
How does aging affect foot on heel strike? What does this fall under?
Flatter Kinematic Changes
What is the reported minimal walking speed required for an older adult to safely cross a city street?
1.4 m/s
How does aging affect hip, knee, and ankle flexion? What does this fall under?
Decreases Kinematic Changes
How does aging affect swing phase and stance phase? What does this fall under?
Decreased swing phase, increased stance phase Temporal and Distance Parameters
How does aging change power generation at push off? What does this fall under?
Decreases Kinetic Changes
How does aging affect dynamic stability during stance? What does this fall under?
Decreases Kinematic Changes
How does aging change walking speed and cadence? What does this fall under?
Decreases Temporal and Distance Parameters
What are the requirements of mobility?
Adaptation Progression Postural control
How does aging affect ability to covary hip/knee movement? What does this fall under?
Decreases Kinematic Changes
What are contributors to changes in gait parameters in older adults?
Balance and postural control Reduced sensory information Cognitive factors Changes in proactive and reactive locomotor abilities Pathology (neurologic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal)
What sensory impairments are associated with gait changes?
Visual, somatosensory (proprioceptive), and vestibular system impairments
