11/8 Quiz Flashcards
Vitamin D is required for…
Calcium absorption in small intestine
Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets (children)
Osteomalacia (adults)
Vitamin A is required for…
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts for normal development
Vitamin A deficiency
Small stature
Vitamin C is required for…
Collagen synthesis
Collagen accounts for…
90% of protein in bone and cartilage
50-90% of dry weight (skin, ligaments, tendons, teeth)
Vitamin C deficiency
Fragile bones
Also fatigue, irritability, tooth loosening, petechiae, leg pain, wounds heal slowly, easy bruising
When does Vitamin C deficiency begin to show symptoms?
Around 3 months
Pituitary gland produces
Growth hormone
Growth hormone stimulates…
Division of cartilage cells in epiphyseal plates
Insufficient growth hormone
Dwarfism
Excessive growth hormone
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Thyroid gland produces…
Calcitonin
Calcitonin stimulates…
Osteoblasts to deposit calcium in bone matrix
Parathyroid glands produce…
Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone stimulates…
Osteoclasts to release calcium from matrix
Male sex hormone
Testosterone
Female sex hormone
Estrogen
Sex hormones stimulate…
Bone formation and the ossification of epiphyseal plates
Bone length at puberty…
Increases significantly
____________ has a stronger effect of epiphyseal plates.
Estrogen
Physical stress stimulates…
Bone growth
Athletes bones are…
Thicker and stronger
Inactivity lead to…
Thinner and weaker bones
