#11 Flashcards
Instituting which one of the following diets has been shown to be most effective for reducing the risk of coronary artery disease and stroke?
A. A diet that is low in omega-3 fatty acids.
B. A high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet.
C. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan.
D. A diet that restricts sodium intake.
C. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan.
Which one of the following statements about physical activity to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease is correct?
A. Patients should always consult their family physician before starting an exercise program.
B. Starting any physical activity is beneficial.
C. Reducing the time spent sitting each day to less than three hours is estimated to increase average life expectancy by four years.
D. A physical activity program must include vigorous-intensity exercise, such as jogging or running, to be of benefit.
B. Starting any physical activity is beneficial.
Which one of the following dietary interventions has not demonstrated a beneficial effect on cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease outcomes?
A. Increasing fish consumption.
B. Increasing dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake.
C. Decreasing dietary sodium consumption.
D. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake.
C. Decreasing dietary sodium consumption.
Which one of the following statements about genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is correct?
A. Most infections do not cause symptoms.
B. Nearly all cases of genital herpes in the United States are caused by HSV-2.
C. HSV-1 can be distinguished from HSV-2 by visual inspection.
D. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend serologic screening for genital herpes.
A. Most infections do not cause symptoms.
Which one of the following statements about HSV-2 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is correct?
A. Infection with HSV-2 increases the risk of acquiring HIV infection.
B. In patients with HSV-2 and HIV coinfection, suppressive therapy to prevent HSV-2 transmission to uninfected partners has not been shown to be effective.
C. Concurrent infection with HSV-2 and HIV increases the severity of HSV episodes.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
Which one of the following tests is preferred for confirming HSV infection in a patient with active genital lesions?
A. Western blot.
B. Polymerase chain reaction assay.
C. Glycoprotein G test.
D. Immunoglobulin G and M antibody tests.
B. Polymerase chain reaction assay.
BRCA gene mutations are the most common familial genetic syndromes responsible for ovarian cancer. Which one of the following is the next most common syndrome?
A. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome).
B. MUTYH-associated polyposis.
C. PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.
D. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
A. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome).
Which one of the following imaging tests is preferred to confirm the presence of a suspected pelvic mass?
A. Positron emission tomography.
B. Computed tomography.
C. Magnetic resonance imaging.
D. Transvaginal ultrasonography.
D. Transvaginal ultrasonography.
A 40-year-old woman comes to see you because her mother died of breast cancer in her late 50s and her sister developed breast cancer at age 48. She is concerned that this could indicate a familial risk of breast and ovarian cancer. She feels well and has no symptoms. Which one of the following should you recommended for this patient?
A. Cancer antigen 125 measurement.
B. Human epididymis protein 4 measurement.
C. Inhibin A/B measurement.
D. Referral for genetic testing.
E. Transvaginal ultrasonography.
D. Referral for genetic testing.
Which one of the following statements about stopping antiepileptic drug therapy in patients with epilepsy is correct?
A. Results of electroencephalography will not help predict relapse risk in children who are stopping therapy.
B. Nearly one-half (46%) of children with epilepsy who stop antiepileptic drug therapy less than two years from the date of their last seizure will relapse.
C. Good-quality evidence shows that more than one-half of adults who stop antiepileptic drug therapy after two years of being seizure-free will not relapse.
D. To reduce the likelihood of relapse in children who stop antiepileptic drug therapy, the dosage should be tapered over the course of two weeks.
B. Nearly one-half (46%) of children with epilepsy who stop antiepileptic drug therapy less than two years from the date of their last seizure will relapse.
